Popes and their associates
Antonio Barberini (1607–1671) – one of the three “musketeers” of Urban VIII
Camillo Francesco Maria Pamphilj (1622–1666) – an arthritis-filled expiation of the papal nephew
Ferdinando I de’ Medici (1549–1609) – a lover of antiquity, who avoided papal disfavor
Francesco Barberini (1597–1679) – papal nepot, admirer of books and art, defender of Galileo
Francesco Maria del Monte (1549–1626) – a cardinal full of passion for alchemy, music and painting
Julius III (1487–1555) – a dream about the power of ...a family
Cardinal Flavio Chigi (1631–1693) – a true dandy and a Roman trendsetter
Cardinal Innocenzo Ciocchi del Monte (1532–1577) – the pope’s favorite with criminal inclinations
Charles Borromeo (1538–1584) – an extraordinary nepot, critic and saint of the Church
Ludovico Ludovisi (1595–1632) – lover of Antiquity and an extremely bright papal nepot
Maria Clementina Sobieska (1701–1735) between reality and a dream
Olimpia Maidalchini (1591–1657) – a very entrepreneurial papal sister-in-law
Pope Alexander I (? – 116?) – a holy shepherd of the holy water
Pope Alexander VI (1431–1503) – an ambitious strategist with a great heart for women
Pope Alexander VII (1599–1667) – a great constructor with a lead coffin in his bedroom
Pope Alexander VIII (1610–1691), Pietro Vito Ottoboni – a profligate enthusiast of old books
Pope Boniface VIII (1235?–1303), Benedetto Caetani – pope from the eighth circle of hell
Pope Celestine I (?–432) – philosopher striving for the divinity of the mother of Jesus
Pope Felix III (Felix II) (?–492) – a saintly, uncompromising and strict pope
Pope Formosus (?816–896) – meaning, how to posthumously become a martyr
Pope Gelasius I (?–496) – meaning Christ’s first Vicar on Earth
Pope Gregory I the Great (approx. 540–604) – a monk by conviction, who changed the face of the Church for centuries
Pope Gregory XIII (1502–1585) – a tireless counter-reformer and an efficient reformer of the calendar
Pope Gregory XV (1554–1623) – a sickly and phlegmatic protector of the Jesuits
Pope Hilarius (?–468) – a generous donor and a defender of orthodoxy
Pope Hippolytus (approx. 170–235) – an overzealous saintly rigorist
Pope Honorius I (?–638), a fallible pontifex maximus, in addition to being a heretic
Pope Honorius III (1150–1227) – a significant Church strategist and an uncompromising ruler
Pope Innocent I (? – 417) – a charismatic leader of the Church in times of chaos and uncertainty
Pope Innocent III (1160–1216) – the first Vicar of Christ on Earth
Pope Innocent VIII (1432–1492) – sickly, yet resourceful protector of his own children
Pope Innocent XI (1611–1689) – a strict reformer, moralist and subduer of art
Pope Innocent XII (1615–1700) – an exemplary shepherd and a protector of castrates
Pope John XII (?937–964) – meaning the one who was mortally wounded by the devil in the bed of a married woman
Pope Julius II (1443–1513) – a valiant ruler, courageous politician and a great protector of art
Pope Callixtus III (1378–1458) – a disliked aesthetic from the Pyrenean Peninsula
Pope Clement IX (1600–1669) – a librettist and humanist devoted to God
Pope Clement VII (1478–1534) – a powerless politician and a firm protector of artists
Pope Clement VIII (1536–1605) – an enemy of nudity, a pious and kind despot
Pope Clement X (1590–1676) – a humble pope with an ambitious nepot
Pope Leo I the Great (400?–461) – defender of Rome and the man behind the power of the Church
Pope Leo X (1475–1521) – a generous patron of art and an enthusiast of parties and feasts
Pope Nicholas V (1397–1455) – the one, who made art into a foundation of faith
Pope Paschal I (?–824) – a collector of relics and a self-admirer
Pope Paul II (1417–1471) – an enthusiast of carnival parties
Pope Paul III (1468–1549) – an uncompromising patron of artists and his own family
Pope Paul V (1552–1621) – a generous funder and a foresighted city manager
Pope Pelagius II (?–590) – a protector of the needy and of Gregory the Great
Pope Pius II (1405–1464) – a complete humanist on St. Peter’s throne
Pope Pius XII (1876–1958) – a silent pontifex maximus
Pope Sergius III (approx. 870–911) – meaning „ the slave of every vice”
Pope Stephen VI (? – 897) – a story of the battle between the pope and a cadaver
Pope Sixtus III (390–440) – a great constructor of Christian Rome
Pope Sixtus IV (1414–1484) – a man of Renaissance and the creator of a new Rome
Pope Sixtus V (1521–1590) – the bane of bandits and womanizers
Pope Symmachus (? – 514) – a controversial but unrelenting shepherd
Pope Simplicius (? – 483) – a bishop of Rome on the border of two eras
Pope Theodore I (?–649) – a pope who brought the dead to Rome
Pope Urban VIII (1568–1644) – pontifex maximus of the Baroque art
Platina (Bartolomeo Sacchi) (1421–1481) – humanist, rebel, courtier
Scipione Caffarelli Borghese (1577–1633) – cardinal and papal nepot with truly earthly passions
Emperor Maxentius (278–312) – an oppressor or a victim of a black legend?
All of those who are interested in Rome, predominantly connect his name with the famous Battle of the Milvian Bridge, in which he lost his life. The fact that he was the rival of Constantine, would for centuries – cloud the perception of his persona. And while his rival, known as Constantine the Great, has become the most important emperor for the Roman Catholic Church, he himself was condemned to damnatio memoriae, acquiring the status of the embodiment of an evildoer. Let us take a look at the propaganda mechanism, which has since the dawn of time accompanied authority and to which Max...
See moreThe Hall of Constantine (Stanza di Constantino) – a hymn praising the papacy
Stanza di Constantino is the last of the four apartments in the Apostolic Palace, which was decorated by the ingenious Raphael. Its decoration commissioned by Poe Leo X was finished during the pontificate of his successor, Clement VII. As we can imagine it was to immortalize the great Emperor Constantine – the first Christian ruler, however upon closer inspection, we must ask ourselves, who is the person glorified on the magnificent frescoes found in the room?
See moreTetrarchy – a utopia of an emperor sick and tired of ruling
The forty-year-old emperor Diocletian, who would be remembered as the founder of the enormous baths in Rome, took the throne in the year 284. For the previous fifty years, the empire had been in a state of chaos, which was further testified to by the continuous changes of emperors as a result of military revolts. It is enough to point out that between the assassination of Alexander Severus (235) and the beginning of the reign of Diocletian, five different emperors ruled in Rome. The crisis was further strengthened by the constant invasions of Franks, Alemanni, and Goths from the north and Pers...
See moreZgodnie z art. 13 ust. 1 i ust. 2 rozporządzenia Parlamentu Europejskiego i Rady (UE) 2016/679 z 27 kwietnia 2016 r. w sprawie ochrony osób fizycznych w związku z przetwarzaniem danych osobowych i w sprawie swobodnego przepływu takich danych oraz uchylenia dyrektywy 95/46/WE (RODO), informujemy
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