Popes and their associates
Antonio Barberini (1607–1671) – one of the three “musketeers” of Urban VIII
Camillo Francesco Maria Pamphilj (1622–1666) – an arthritis-filled expiation of the papal nephew
Ferdinando I de’ Medici (1549–1609) – a lover of antiquity, who avoided papal disfavor
Francesco Barberini (1597–1679) – papal nepot, admirer of books and art, defender of Galileo
Francesco Maria del Monte (1549–1626) – a cardinal full of passion for alchemy, music and painting
Cardinal Flavio Chigi (1631–1693) – a true dandy and a Roman trendsetter
Charles Borromeo (1538–1584) – an extraordinary nepot, critic and saint of the Church
Ludovico Ludovisi (1595–1632) – lover of Antiquity and an extremely bright papal nepot
Maria Clementina Sobieska (1701–1735) between reality and a dream
Olimpia Maidalchini (1591–1657) – a very entrepreneurial papal sister-in-law
Pope Alexander I (? – 116?) – a holy shepherd of the holy water
Pope Alexander VI (1431–1503) – an ambitious strategist with a great heart for women
Pope Alexander VII (1599–1667) – a great constructor with a lead coffin in his bedroom
Pope Alexander VIII (1610–1691), Pietro Vito Ottoboni – a profligate enthusiast of old books
Pope Boniface VIII (1235?–1303), Benedetto Caetani – pope from the eighth circle of hell
Pope Celestine I (?–432) – philosopher striving for the divinity of the mother of Jesus
Pope Felix III (Felix II) (?–492) – a saintly, uncompromising and strict pope
Pope Formosus (?816–896) – meaning, how to posthumously become a martyr
Pope Gelasius I (?–496) – meaning Christ’s first Vicar on Earth
Pope Gregory I the Great (approx. 540–604) – a monk by conviction, who changed the face of the Church for centuries
Pope Gregory XIII (1502–1585) – a tireless counter-reformer and an efficient reformer of the calendar
Pope Gregory XV (1554–1623) – a sickly and phlegmatic protector of the Jesuits
Pope Hilarius (?–468) – a generous donor and a defender of orthodoxy
Pope Hippolytus (approx. 170–235) – an overzealous saintly rigorist
Pope Honorius I (?–638), a fallible pontifex maximus, in addition to being a heretic
Pope Honorius III (1150–1227) – a significant Church strategist and an uncompromising ruler
Pope Innocent I (? – 417) – a charismatic leader of the Church in times of chaos and uncertainty
Pope Innocent III (1160–1216) – the first Vicar of Christ on Earth
Pope Innocent VIII (1432–1492) – sickly, yet resourceful protector of his own children
Pope Innocent XI (1611–1689) – a strict reformer, moralist and subduer of art
Pope Innocent XII (1615–1700) – an exemplary shepherd and a protector of castrates
Pope John XII (?937–964) – meaning the one who was mortally wounded by the devil in the bed of a married woman
Pope Julius II (1443–1513) – a valiant ruler, courageous politician and a great protector of art
Pope Callixtus III (1378–1458) – a disliked aesthetic from the Pyrenean Peninsula
Pope Clement IX (1600–1669) – a librettist and humanist devoted to God
Pope Clement VII (1478–1534) – a powerless politician and a firm protector of artists
Pope Clement VIII (1536–1605) – an enemy of nudity, a pious and kind despot
Pope Clement X (1590–1676) – a humble pope with an ambitious nepot
Pope Leo I the Great (400?–461) – defender of Rome and the man behind the power of the Church
Pope Leo X (1475–1521) – a generous patron of art and an enthusiast of parties and feasts
Pope Nicholas V (1397–1455) – the one, who made art into a foundation of faith
Pope Paschal I (?–824) – a collector of relics and a self-admirer
Pope Paul II (1417–1471) – an enthusiast of carnival parties
Pope Paul III (1468–1549) – an uncompromising patron of artists and his own family
Pope Paul V (1552–1621) – a generous funder and a foresighted city manager
Pope Pelagius II (?–590) – a protector of the needy and of Gregory the Great
Pope Pius II (1405–1464) – a complete humanist on St. Peter’s throne
Pope Pius XII (1876–1958) – a silent pontifex maximus
Pope Sergius III (approx. 870–911) – meaning „ the slave of every vice”
Pope Stephen VI (? – 897) – a story of the battle between the pope and a cadaver
Pope Sixtus III (390–440) – a great constructor of Christian Rome
Pope Sixtus IV (1414–1484) – a man of Renaissance and the creator of a new Rome
Pope Sixtus V (1521–1590) – the bane of bandits and womanizers
Pope Symmachus (? – 514) – a controversial but unrelenting shepherd
Pope Simplicius (? – 483) – a bishop of Rome on the border of two eras
Pope Urban VIII (1568–1644) – pontifex maximus of the Baroque art
Platina (Bartolomeo Sacchi) (1421–1481) – humanist, rebel, courtier
Scipione Caffarelli Borghese (1577–1633) – cardinal and papal nepot with truly earthly passions
Raphael (1483–1520) – the prematurely deceased genius of the Renaissance
He was adored by the rich and influential, while on the day of his death, he was mourned not only by Pope Leo X but also the whole artistic community. He was seen as a pleasant, gentle, kind, and sociable person, who on top of that was righteous and noble. As his biographer, Giorgio Vasari claimed, "Raphael passionately loved women and was always ready for their services. This was why he was constantly seeking bodily pleasures." These kept him away from his work and perhaps as the concerned Vasari suggested, were also the cause of his death.
See moreThe Transfiguration – the most divine of all Raphael’s works
He was viewed as a painting genius, while his painting as exceptional. His figures were beautiful, both in the physical as well as the spiritual dimension, compositions were clear, the color scheme perfect. However, Raphael's last work cannot be characterized in this way. The artist has no desire to emanate with harmony, just the opposite – he puts us in front of distinct emotions, faces twisted in a grimace, dramatic gestures, and shouts, which seem to come to the viewer from inside the painting.
See moreBernini’s Habakkuk and the Angel, meaning the story of a mysterious journey into the lion’s den
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Bernini’s Habakkuk and the Angel, meaning the story of a mysterious journey into the lion’s den
We enter the chapel and immediately our eyes are drawn to a group of figures, which seems to blast open the niche in which it finds itself – an older man in a dynamic pose, who is held by an angel by his lock of hair. The lively gestures of their hands indicate that there is a conflict brewing. The angel seems to be ordering the man to do something, which he questions, pointing in a different direction. When we follow the angel’s finger, we begin to understand what he means. He is pointing to a figure of another man found in the opposite niche – but what is it that truly conn...
See moreZgodnie z art. 13 ust. 1 i ust. 2 rozporządzenia Parlamentu Europejskiego i Rady (UE) 2016/679 z 27 kwietnia 2016 r. w sprawie ochrony osób fizycznych w związku z przetwarzaniem danych osobowych i w sprawie swobodnego przepływu takich danych oraz uchylenia dyrektywy 95/46/WE (RODO), informujemy
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