Charles Borromeo (1538–1584) – an extraordinary nepot, critic and saint of the Church

Reliquary for the heart of St. Charles Borromeo, Church of San Carlo al Corso

Reliquary for the heart of St. Charles Borromeo, Church of San Carlo al Corso

With his exemplary, ascetic life, defense of Christian values and profound faith, he proved that he fully deserved the prestige of the post of cardinal. His life is evidence that the interests of nepots, were not limited to acquiring appanages, works of art and to the strengthening of the position of their own family. It must however be added, that in this case he was an exception.

Reliquary for the heart of St. Charles Borromeo, Church of San Carlo al Corso
Charles of Borromeo, Orazio Borgianni, pic. Wikipedia
Stefano Maderno, statue of St. Charles Borromeo (Carlo Borromeo), fragment, Church of San Lorenzo in Damaso
Adoration of Our lady by Charles Borromeo and Ignatius of Loyola, Carlo Maratti, Church of Santa Maria in Vallicella
Façade of the Church of San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane
Main altar with a representation of the Vision of St. Charles Borromeo, Church of San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane
Deeds of St. Charles Borromeo, Mattia Preti, Church of San Carlo ai Catinari
Charles Borromeo Leading a Procession of the Holy Cross, Church of San Carlo al Corso
Statue of St. Charles Borromeo with the apse of the Church of San Carlo al Corso in the background

With his exemplary, ascetic life, defense of Christian values and profound faith, he proved that he fully deserved the prestige of the post of cardinal. His life is evidence that the interests of nepots, were not limited to acquiring appanages, works of art and to the strengthening of the position of their own family. It must however be added, that in this case he was an exception.

 

Carlo Borromeo came from an aristocratic family and since childhood was destined for a career within the Church. At the age of seven he received the tonsure, while at the age of twelve he became an abbot. After completing his studies in Pavia he went to Rome, where his uncle had just become pope, as Pius IV, while Charles became his right-hand man. From that moment on he held numerous church offices and was also appointed cardinal and archbishop of Milan. Income, which he received from the posts he held, was mainly invested in charity. During the times of the Council of Trent, when the future of the Roman Catholic Church was at stake, the cardinal was a staunch supporter of the reform camp. He noticed that the Church is struggling with a problem of losing authority both in Italy as well as in Europe, and only through new, moral conduct of its representative could it recover the lost significance and prestige. After leaving Rome to go to Milan, he attempted to implement the Trent decrees. He strove to raise the level of education of the clergy, establishing seminars, as well as of the faithful themselves, teaching them the basis of the faith in parishes. However, he gained popularity and renown mainly through his devotion to the poor and ill, especially needed during the time of the plague which constantly erupted, decimating the populace of Milan.

When it comes, to the cardinal’s views on art, he accepted it in the spirit of the Council of Trent, believing that artists “should avoid all, that is deemed secular, ugly, immoral, and bold”.

Charles Borromeo died of the fever and was buried in Milan. Next to St. Ambrose, he became the patron of the city. In 1610 he was pronounced a saint. Undoubtedly purely earthly factors were also decisive in his canonization. In him, the Church saw an exemplary defender of the faith and a nepot devoted to the Church. He was a perfect fit for the positive figure of a Curia official, sensitive to the voice of the people. At the same time his criticism of the clergy and desire to discipline its members, which he preached during his life, were not mentioned. It must be added, that the cardinal was considered to be a man without a sense of humor, severe and thoroughly uncompromising. It should therefore come as no surprise, that it was not difficult for him to fall in conflict with the Church authorities and even with the pope himself.

In Rome, there are several significant churches dedicated to Charles Borromeo. The most important, is the one built by the Milanese, San Carlo al Corso, the second – built due to Charles’s canonization, San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane, while the third is the San Carlo ai Catinari. In all of these churches (and not only) we will find paintings depicting the cardinal, painting series, sculptures, and altars, mainly created in the XVII century. In the painting representations, a very common motif, is a procession in which Charles Borromeo takes part, carrying a cross. These types of atonement processions, initiated by him in Milan, were to drive away the plague, to which, as we know, he himself finally fell victim.


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        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 25
        • 2. en
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '25' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')310μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 25
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')320μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '26' and `lang` = 'en'400μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 26
        • 2. en
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '26' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')370μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 26
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '27' and `lang` = 'en'390μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 27
        • 2. en
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '27' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')370μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 27
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')350μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '28' and `lang` = 'en'420μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 28
        • 2. en
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '28' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')340μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 28
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')410μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '29' and `lang` = 'en'370μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 29
        • 2. en
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '29' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')380μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 29
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `settings`400μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      • select * from `articles` where `id` = '266' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null430μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 266
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles')330μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '2' and `entity_id` = '266' and `lang` = 'en'380μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 2
        • 1. 266
        • 2. en
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '3' and `entity_id` = '266' and `lang` = 'en'540μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 3
        • 1. 266
        • 2. en
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '6' and `entity_id` = '266' and `lang` = 'en'490μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 6
        • 1. 266
        • 2. en
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `urls` where `table` = 'articles' and `entity_id` = '266'400μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        • 1. 266
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles` where `articles`.`id` = '266' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1310μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 266
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      • select `articles_categories`.*, `articles_categories_join`.`article_id` as `pivot_article_id`, `articles_categories_join`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id` from `articles_categories` inner join `articles_categories_join` on `articles_categories`.`id` = `articles_categories_join`.`category_id` where `articles_categories_join`.`article_id` = '266'330μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 266
      • select * from `articles_categories` where `articles_categories`.`id` = '12' limit 1410μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 12
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      • select * from `attributes` where `key` in ('name') and (`table` = 'articles_categories')340μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. name
        • 1. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '12' and `lang` = 'en'380μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 12
        • 2. en
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where `articles_categories`.`id` = '1' limit 1740μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      • select * from `articles_photos` where `article_id` = '266'500μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 266
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')890μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '4214' and `lang` = 'en'660μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 4214
        • 2. en
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')420μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '4215' and `lang` = 'en'340μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 4215
        • 2. en
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')290μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '4216' and `lang` = 'en'360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 4216
        • 2. en
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')290μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '4217' and `lang` = 'en'290μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 4217
        • 2. en
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')310μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '4218' and `lang` = 'en'320μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 4218
        • 2. en
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')370μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '4219' and `lang` = 'en'310μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 4219
        • 2. en
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')340μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '4220' and `lang` = 'en'410μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 4220
        • 2. en
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')450μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '4221' and `lang` = 'en'480μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 4221
        • 2. en
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '4222' and `lang` = 'en'340μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 4222
        • 2. en
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')500μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '4223' and `lang` = 'en'390μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 4223
        • 2. en
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '4224' and `lang` = 'en'380μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 4224
        • 2. en
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')590μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '4225' and `lang` = 'en'270μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 4225
        • 2. en
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '4226' and `lang` = 'en'400μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 4226
        • 2. en
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_join` where `article_id` = '266'320μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 266
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles` where `id` = '20' and `status` = 'ACTIVE' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null370μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 20
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles')370μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '2' and `entity_id` = '20' and `lang` = 'en'380μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 2
        • 1. 20
        • 2. en
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '3' and `entity_id` = '20' and `lang` = 'en'510μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 3
        • 1. 20
        • 2. en
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '6' and `entity_id` = '20' and `lang` = 'en'610μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 6
        • 1. 20
        • 2. en
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `urls` where `table` = 'articles' and `entity_id` = '20'340μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        • 1. 20
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles` where `articles`.`id` = '20' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1390μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 20
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      • select `articles_categories`.*, `articles_categories_join`.`article_id` as `pivot_article_id`, `articles_categories_join`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id` from `articles_categories` inner join `articles_categories_join` on `articles_categories`.`id` = `articles_categories_join`.`category_id` where `articles_categories_join`.`article_id` = '20'380μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 20
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')370μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '12' and `lang` = 'en'470μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 12
        • 2. en
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles` where `id` = '26' and `status` = 'ACTIVE' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 26
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles')330μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '2' and `entity_id` = '26' and `lang` = 'en'340μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 2
        • 1. 26
        • 2. en
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '3' and `entity_id` = '26' and `lang` = 'en'520μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 3
        • 1. 26
        • 2. en
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '6' and `entity_id` = '26' and `lang` = 'en'300μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 6
        • 1. 26
        • 2. en
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `urls` where `table` = 'articles' and `entity_id` = '26'370μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        • 1. 26
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles` where `articles`.`id` = '26' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1390μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 26
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      • select `articles_categories`.*, `articles_categories_join`.`article_id` as `pivot_article_id`, `articles_categories_join`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id` from `articles_categories` inner join `articles_categories_join` on `articles_categories`.`id` = `articles_categories_join`.`category_id` where `articles_categories_join`.`article_id` = '26'390μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 26
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')320μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '3' and `lang` = 'en'350μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 3
        • 2. en
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles` where `id` = '99' and `status` = 'ACTIVE' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null340μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 99
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles')340μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '2' and `entity_id` = '99' and `lang` = 'en'350μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 2
        • 1. 99
        • 2. en
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '3' and `entity_id` = '99' and `lang` = 'en'480μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 3
        • 1. 99
        • 2. en
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '6' and `entity_id` = '99' and `lang` = 'en'510μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 6
        • 1. 99
        • 2. en
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `urls` where `table` = 'articles' and `entity_id` = '99'330μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        • 1. 99
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles` where `articles`.`id` = '99' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1440μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 99
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      • select `articles_categories`.*, `articles_categories_join`.`article_id` as `pivot_article_id`, `articles_categories_join`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id` from `articles_categories` inner join `articles_categories_join` on `articles_categories`.`id` = `articles_categories_join`.`category_id` where `articles_categories_join`.`article_id` = '99'360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 99
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')340μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '28' and `lang` = 'en'430μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 28
        • 2. en
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles` where `id` = '132' and `status` = 'ACTIVE' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null320μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 132
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles')360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '2' and `entity_id` = '132' and `lang` = 'en'390μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 2
        • 1. 132
        • 2. en
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '3' and `entity_id` = '132' and `lang` = 'en'440μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 3
        • 1. 132
        • 2. en
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '6' and `entity_id` = '132' and `lang` = 'en'510μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 6
        • 1. 132
        • 2. en
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `urls` where `table` = 'articles' and `entity_id` = '132'500μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        • 1. 132
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
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        Metadata
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        Metadata
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
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      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')360μsbaza5943_roma
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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