Papież Mikołaj IV (1227–1292) – papież średniowiecznych misji

Wybór nowego papieża nigdy nie był sprawą prostą. Spotkania kardynałów, od momentu gdy to oni zajmowali się tą ważną elekcją, trwały często długo, albo nawet bardzo długo, i związane były z praktykami, które niewiele miały wspólnego z ingerencją Ducha Świętego. Towarzyszyły im rozgrywki polityczne, które szły w parze z przekupstwami, szantażami i walkami zwaśnionych koterii. Nowo wybrani pontifeksi odmawiali też czasem przyjęcia tiary. Nie inaczej było w przypadku Hieronima Mascia, który zdecydował się na nią dopiero w drugim podejściu.

Wybór nowego papieża nigdy nie był sprawą prostą. Spotkania kardynałów, od momentu gdy to oni zajmowali się tą ważną elekcją, trwały często długo, albo nawet bardzo długo, i związane były z praktykami, które niewiele miały wspólnego z ingerencją Ducha Świętego. Towarzyszyły im rozgrywki polityczne, które szły w parze z przekupstwami, szantażami i walkami zwaśnionych koterii. Nowo wybrani pontifeksi odmawiali też czasem przyjęcia tiary. Nie inaczej było w przypadku Hieronima Mascia, który zdecydował się na nią dopiero w drugim podejściu.

Jego postać jest nam szczególnie bliska ze względu na dwa piękne wizerunki, w których prezentuje się jako klęczący adorator. Znajdują się one w dwóch ważnych rzymskich świątyniach, odrestaurowanych przez niego i upiększonych. Mikołaj IV zainicjował przebudowę bazyliki Santa Maria Maggiore i ozdobienie jej fasady mozaikami, które to dzieło dokończył jego następca, papież Bonifacy VIII. Z czasem bazylika ta stała się ulubionym kościołem papieża, a jej absyda zyskała nową dekorację mozaikową ukazującą Koronację Marii. W szeregu świętych, asystujących temu wydarzeniu, między świętym Piotrem a chórem anielskim zobaczymy klęczącego Mikołaja IV. Po drugiej stronie ujrzymy podobiznę kardynała Giacoma Colonny, który po śmierci papieża dokończył dzieło dekoracji kościoła. Natomiast w bazylice San Giovanni in Laterano, w której na życzenie Mikołaja IV podjęto się modernizacji zdewastowanego trzęsieniami ziemi wnętrza, również odnowiono absydę, a jej konchę ozdobiono mozaikami – po części odzyskanymi, po części nowymi. Papież uwieczniony w niej został u stóp Marii – klęczy tam obok świętego Franciszka. W obu tych przedstawieniach widzimy go z tiarą na głowie i w czerwonym płaszczu – symbolach sprawowanej przez niego władzy. A jak ją sprawował?

W młodym wieku wstąpił do zakonu franciszkanów – zgromadzenia, którego reguła zakłada podążanie za ideałami swego patrona – Franciszka z Asyżu, czyli ubóstwo i wrażliwość na dolę biednych i chorych. Pochodził z rodziny urzędniczej, a pobyt w klasztorze pozwolił mu wspiąć się po kolejnych szczeblach kariery, czego uwieńczeniem był urząd generała zakonu. Tak więc kilka dekad po śmierci świętego Franciszka stał się on niejako jego następcą. Z rozkazu papieża Mikołaja III wziął udział w obradach soboru powszechnego w Lyonie, powrócił do Italii i wyniesiony został do rangi kardynała, zajmując tym samym miejsce w Kolegium Kardynalskim.


Po śmierci papieża Honoriusza IV, na wiosnę 1287 roku, zwołani do Rzymu kardynałowie przez wiele miesięcy nie byli w stanie wybrać jego następcy. Kłótnie i podziały między nimi trwały miesiącami, podczas których z powodu malarii zmarło aż sześciu elektorów. Kardynałowie rozjechali się i powrócili do Wiecznego Miasta dopiero na początku 1288 roku. W lutym na papieża został wybrany Hieronim (Girolamo) Masci, ale zaszczyt ten odrzucił. Doszło do kolejnego głosowania. Wybrany ponownie, przyjął papieską tiarę. W mieście nad Tybrem musiał manewrować między wszechobecnymi i rywalizującymi ze sobą (często także w krwawych starciach) rodami (Orsini, Conti, Savelli, Annibaldi), ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem rodu Colonna, który darzył wielką przychylnością. Giovanni Colonna został nominowany przez nowo wybranego papieża na senatora miasta, a on sam wyjechał z Rzymu i rezydował głównie w Viterbo.

Ważnym posunięciem papieża, mającym wpływ na funkcjonowanie Kościoła w kolejnych wiekach, było wprowadzenie bulli gwarantującej Kolegium Kardynalskiemu połowę dochodów napływających do skarbca papieskiego, ale też dużą niezależność w zarządzaniu nimi, co w znaczący sposób wzmocniło rangę tego gremium i doprowadziło do jego stopniowego usamodzielniania się.


Jedną z największych porażek Mikołaja IV była utrata twierdzy Akka (1291) –ostatniego przyczółka chrześcijan w Ziemi Świętej. Próbował on wprawdzie zorganizować krucjatę, ale nie doszła ona do skutku. Po prawie dwóch wiekach projekt odzyskania Ziemi Świętej ostatecznie upadł. Zakończyła się era wypraw krzyżowych i zaniechano pielgrzymek do Betlejem. Dalekim echem tego wydarzenia była papieska inicjatywa stworzenia we wnętrzu bazyliki Santa Maria Maggiore kamiennej szopki upamiętniającej narodziny Jezusa, której wykonanie powierzono znakomitemu rzeźbiarzowi Arnolfowi di Cambio. Pomysł ten wpisywał się w zwyczaj urządzania szopki bożonarodzeniowej zapoczątkowany przez świętego Franciszka w 1223 roku w miasteczku Greccio. Dziś jej pozostałości znajdują się w podziemiach bazyliki.

Sukcesem okazało się natomiast zainicjowanie działalności misyjnej w dalekich zakątkach globu. Papież powierzał ją franciszkanom, którzy dotarli do Indii i Chin, a brat Giovanni da Montecorvino w 1289 roku zawitał nawet do stolicy Państwa Środka, gdzie – już po śmierci papieża – został pierwszym biskupem Pekinu (1307). Mikołaj IV wysyłał swoich misjonarzy również na Bliski Wschód i Bałkany, co przysporzyło mu przydomek „papieża średniowiecznych misji”.

Zmarł w kwietniu 1292 roku po ponad czterech latach pontyfikatu. Jego życzeniem było, aby pochowano go w absydzie jego ulubionego kościoła. Tak też się stało. Po wielu wiekach (koniec XVI w.) na jego cześć Domenico Fontana stworzył przy wejściu do bazyliki Santa Maria Maggiore (po prawej stronie) marmurowy pomnik nagrobny uwieczniający pierwszego papieża franciszkanina.

 

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      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '19' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 19
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')1.39msbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '20' and `lang` = 'en'370μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 20
        • 2. en
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '20' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')410μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 20
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '21' and `lang` = 'en'370μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 21
        • 2. en
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '21' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 21
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')390μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '22' and `lang` = 'en'360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 22
        • 2. en
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '22' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')370μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 22
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')320μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '23' and `lang` = 'en'400μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 23
        • 2. en
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '23' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')350μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 23
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')390μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '24' and `lang` = 'en'370μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 24
        • 2. en
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '24' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 24
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')540μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '25' and `lang` = 'en'400μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 25
        • 2. en
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '25' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 25
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '26' and `lang` = 'en'490μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 26
        • 2. en
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '26' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')570μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 26
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')370μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '27' and `lang` = 'en'370μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 27
        • 2. en
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '27' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')420μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 27
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')370μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '28' and `lang` = 'en'360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 28
        • 2. en
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '28' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')480μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 28
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')300μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '29' and `lang` = 'en'350μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 29
        • 2. en
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '29' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')410μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 29
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `settings`380μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      • select * from `articles` where `id` = '530' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null420μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 530
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles')420μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '2' and `entity_id` = '530' and `lang` = 'en'480μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 2
        • 1. 530
        • 2. en
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '3' and `entity_id` = '530' and `lang` = 'en'380μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 3
        • 1. 530
        • 2. en
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '6' and `entity_id` = '530' and `lang` = 'en'320μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 6
        • 1. 530
        • 2. en
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles')390μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '2' and `entity_id` = '530' and `lang` = 'pl'340μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 2
        • 1. 530
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '3' and `entity_id` = '530' and `lang` = 'pl'400μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 3
        • 1. 530
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '6' and `entity_id` = '530' and `lang` = 'pl'340μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 6
        • 1. 530
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `urls` where `table` = 'articles' and `entity_id` = '530'380μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        • 1. 530
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles` where `articles`.`id` = '530' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1340μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 530
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      • select `articles_categories`.*, `articles_categories_join`.`article_id` as `pivot_article_id`, `articles_categories_join`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id` from `articles_categories` inner join `articles_categories_join` on `articles_categories`.`id` = `articles_categories_join`.`category_id` where `articles_categories_join`.`article_id` = '530'440μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 530
      • select * from `articles_categories` where `articles_categories`.`id` = '12' limit 1410μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 12
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      • select * from `attributes` where `key` in ('name') and (`table` = 'articles_categories')380μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. name
        • 1. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '12' and `lang` = 'en'370μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 12
        • 2. en
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where `articles_categories`.`id` = '1' limit 1310μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      • select * from `articles_photos` where `article_id` = '530'370μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 530
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')370μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '7663' and `lang` = 'en'350μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 7663
        • 2. en
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')340μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '7664' and `lang` = 'en'360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 7664
        • 2. en
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')320μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '7665' and `lang` = 'en'400μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 7665
        • 2. en
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')610μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '7666' and `lang` = 'en'470μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 7666
        • 2. en
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')480μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '7668' and `lang` = 'en'370μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 7668
        • 2. en
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')500μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '7669' and `lang` = 'en'450μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 7669
        • 2. en
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '7670' and `lang` = 'en'360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 7670
        • 2. en
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')540μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '7671' and `lang` = 'en'430μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 7671
        • 2. en
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_join` where `article_id` = '530'500μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 530
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles` where `id` = '17' and `status` = 'ACTIVE' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null520μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 17
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles')330μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '2' and `entity_id` = '17' and `lang` = 'en'430μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 2
        • 1. 17
        • 2. en
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '3' and `entity_id` = '17' and `lang` = 'en'700μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 3
        • 1. 17
        • 2. en
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '6' and `entity_id` = '17' and `lang` = 'en'340μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 6
        • 1. 17
        • 2. en
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `urls` where `table` = 'articles' and `entity_id` = '17'480μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        • 1. 17
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles` where `articles`.`id` = '17' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1330μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 17
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      • select `articles_categories`.*, `articles_categories_join`.`article_id` as `pivot_article_id`, `articles_categories_join`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id` from `articles_categories` inner join `articles_categories_join` on `articles_categories`.`id` = `articles_categories_join`.`category_id` where `articles_categories_join`.`article_id` = '17'370μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 17
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '17' and `lang` = 'en'390μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 17
        • 2. en
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles` where `id` = '22' and `status` = 'ACTIVE' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null490μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 22
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles')490μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '2' and `entity_id` = '22' and `lang` = 'en'390μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 2
        • 1. 22
        • 2. en
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '3' and `entity_id` = '22' and `lang` = 'en'660μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 3
        • 1. 22
        • 2. en
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '6' and `entity_id` = '22' and `lang` = 'en'1.26msbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 6
        • 1. 22
        • 2. en
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `urls` where `table` = 'articles' and `entity_id` = '22'650μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        • 1. 22
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles` where `id` = '65' and `status` = 'ACTIVE' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null410μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 65
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles')390μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '2' and `entity_id` = '65' and `lang` = 'en'330μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 2
        • 1. 65
        • 2. en
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '3' and `entity_id` = '65' and `lang` = 'en'420μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 3
        • 1. 65
        • 2. en
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '6' and `entity_id` = '65' and `lang` = 'en'510μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 6
        • 1. 65
        • 2. en
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `urls` where `table` = 'articles' and `entity_id` = '65'370μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        • 1. 65
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles` where `articles`.`id` = '65' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1300μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 65
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      • select `articles_categories`.*, `articles_categories_join`.`article_id` as `pivot_article_id`, `articles_categories_join`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id` from `articles_categories` inner join `articles_categories_join` on `articles_categories`.`id` = `articles_categories_join`.`category_id` where `articles_categories_join`.`article_id` = '65'510μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 65
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')830μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '3' and `lang` = 'en'340μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 3
        • 2. en
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
        Bindings
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        • 2. en
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
        Bindings
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        • 1. 353
        • 2. en
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 6
        • 1. 353
        • 2. en
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `urls` where `table` = 'articles' and `entity_id` = '353'390μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles` where `articles`.`id` = '353' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1350μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
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        Metadata
        Bindings
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      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')460μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `urls` where `table` = 'articles' and `entity_id` = '367'320μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles` where `articles`.`id` = '367' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1420μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
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        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 367
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')460μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles` where `id` = '368' and `status` = 'ACTIVE' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null390μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles')280μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '2' and `entity_id` = '368' and `lang` = 'en'380μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
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        • 1. 368
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles` where `articles`.`id` = '368' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1320μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      • select `articles_categories`.*, `articles_categories_join`.`article_id` as `pivot_article_id`, `articles_categories_join`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id` from `articles_categories` inner join `articles_categories_join` on `articles_categories`.`id` = `articles_categories_join`.`category_id` where `articles_categories_join`.`article_id` = '368'410μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
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      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')340μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles')370μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `urls` where `table` = 'articles' and `entity_id` = '516'330μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
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        Metadata
        Bindings
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      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')370μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
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        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')330μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '12' and `lang` = 'en'370μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')320μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '1' and `lang` = 'en'350μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles')360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles')350μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `urls` where `table` = 'articles' and `entity_id` = '530'440μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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