Emperors, leaders and dictators
Aetius (390–454) – the tragic end of „the last Roman”
Alberic II (909? – 954) – an annihilator of his own mother and a prince of Rome
Antinous (approx. 110–130 A.D.) – a youth, for whom the emperor lost his mind
Benito Mussolini (1883–1945) – successor of emperors; a charismatic and adored leader
Cesare Borgia (1476–1507) – papal offspring whom the whole world feared
Emperor Antoninus Pius (86–161) – a god-fearing, reasonable and just host
Emperor Domitian (51–96) - a great constructor and a despot hated by the Senate
Emperor Hadrian (76–138) – a traveler and an admirer of Greek culture
Emperor Honorius (384–423) – the one, who allowed Rome to be plundered
Emperor Caracalla (188–217) – a brutal madman or a victim of propaganda?
Emperor Commodus (161–192) – an unfortunate son of a great father
Emperor Marcus Aurelius (121–180)– a philosopher on the imperial throne
Emperor Nerva (30–98) – a reasonable, gentle and wise emperor
Emperor Septimius Severus (145–211) – the one, who made the army into a leading force in the empire
Emperor Theodosius the Great (347–395) – the one, who turned imperium Romanum into imperium Christianum
Emperor Trajan (53–117) – the ideal Roman ruler – courageous, generous and on good terms with the Senate
Emperor Titus (39–81) – the conqueror of Jerusalem and lover of Berenice
Emperor Velentinian III (419–455) – the pathetic mutiny of a marginalized ruler
Empress Domitia Longina (53?–128?) – respected and condemned, the fate of the wife of the last Flavian
Helena – from an innkeeper to a saint, meaning how legends are made
Empress Julia Domna (150/160? – 217) – an ambitious ruler and an unhappy mother
Galla Placidia (390–450) – an exceptional woman, worth as much as several tons of grain
Honoria (418–455?) – an emancipator or a tool of political calculations?
Constantina – an imperial daughter and an enigmatic saint
Odoacer (433–493) – the fall of the empire, meaning how an intelligent illiterate became a Roman king
Romulus Augustulus (approx. 463–ok. 536) – the last emperor of the Western Empire and….nothing more
Theodoric the Great (441–526) – a barbarian, for whom Romans erected monuments
Victor Emanuel III (1869–1947) – a king rejected and unwanted
Raphael (1483–1520) – the prematurely deceased genius of the Renaissance
He was adored by the rich and influential, while on the day of his death, he was mourned not only by Pope Leo X but also the whole artistic community. He was seen as a pleasant, gentle, kind, and sociable person, who on top of that was righteous and noble. As his biographer, Giorgio Vasari claimed, "Raphael passionately loved women and was always ready for their services. This was why he was constantly seeking bodily pleasures." These kept him away from his work and perhaps as the concerned Vasari suggested, were also the cause of his death.
See moreThe Transfiguration – the most divine of all Raphael’s works
He was viewed as a painting genius, while his painting as exceptional. His figures were beautiful, both in the physical as well as the spiritual dimension, compositions were clear, the color scheme perfect. However, Raphael's last work cannot be characterized in this way. The artist has no desire to emanate with harmony, just the opposite – he puts us in front of distinct emotions, faces twisted in a grimace, dramatic gestures, and shouts, which seem to come to the viewer from inside the painting.
See moreBernini’s Habakkuk and the Angel, meaning the story of a mysterious journey into the lion’s den
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Bernini’s Habakkuk and the Angel, meaning the story of a mysterious journey into the lion’s den
We enter the chapel and immediately our eyes are drawn to a group of figures, which seems to blast open the niche in which it finds itself – an older man in a dynamic pose, who is held by an angel by his lock of hair. The lively gestures of their hands indicate that there is a conflict brewing. The angel seems to be ordering the man to do something, which he questions, pointing in a different direction. When we follow the angel’s finger, we begin to understand what he means. He is pointing to a figure of another man found in the opposite niche – but what is it that truly conn...
See moreZgodnie z art. 13 ust. 1 i ust. 2 rozporządzenia Parlamentu Europejskiego i Rady (UE) 2016/679 z 27 kwietnia 2016 r. w sprawie ochrony osób fizycznych w związku z przetwarzaniem danych osobowych i w sprawie swobodnego przepływu takich danych oraz uchylenia dyrektywy 95/46/WE (RODO), informujemy
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