Papież Hilary (?–468) – szczodry darczyńca i obrońca ortodoksji

Baptysterium San Giovanni in Laterano, budowla z V w., po lewej dobudowana przez Hilarego kaplica św. Jana Ewangelisty

Baptysterium San Giovanni in Laterano, budowla z V w., po lewej dobudowana przez Hilarego kaplica św. Jana Ewangelisty

Doniosłym aktem, ważnym dla centralizacji władzy Kościoła na Zachodzie, był wydany przez papieża, nałożony na biskupów zakaz, zabraniający im dziedziczenia tego urzędu i naznaczania swoich następców. Hilary zdecydowanie podkreślał też, podobnie jak jego poprzednik Leon I, niezrozumiały dla innych siedzib biskupich, a przede wszystkim tego w Konstantynopolu, prymat Rzymu nad światem chrześcijańskim. Przejawem tej dominacji miały być również bogato wyposażone rzymskie świątynie, ściągające coraz większą ilość wiernych. W Liber Pontificalis znajdziemy informacje o szczodrości papieża dla ówczesnych kościołów, które wyposażał w kosztowne dary, zarówno naczynia i szaty liturgiczne, jak i różnego typu dekoracje i obiekty kultu.

Baptysterium San Giovanni in Laterano, budowla z V w., po lewej dobudowana przez Hilarego kaplica św. Jana Ewangelisty
Baptysterium San Giovanni in Laterano, kaplica św. Jana Chrzciciela z V w., zmodernizowana w XVIII w.
Baptysterium San Giovanni in Laterano, kaplica św. Jana Ewangelisty - w nadprożu napis dedykacyjny papieża Hilarego
Papież Hilary, rycina z Le vite dei pontifici, 1710, Bartolomeo Platina
Baptysterium San Giovanni in Laterano, kaplica św. Jana Ewangelisty, sklepienie, mozaiki z czasów papieża Hilarego, V w.
San Stefano Rotondo, wnętrze
Bazylika San Lorenzo fuori le mura, widok kościoła z początku XVII w.

Doniosłym aktem, ważnym dla centralizacji władzy Kościoła na Zachodzie, był wydany przez papieża, nałożony na biskupów zakaz, zabraniający im dziedziczenia tego urzędu i naznaczania swoich następców. Hilary zdecydowanie podkreślał też, podobnie jak jego poprzednik Leon I, niezrozumiały dla innych siedzib biskupich, a przede wszystkim tego w Konstantynopolu, prymat Rzymu nad światem chrześcijańskim. Przejawem tej dominacji miały być również bogato wyposażone rzymskie świątynie, ściągające coraz większą ilość wiernych. W Liber Pontificalis znajdziemy informacje o szczodrości papieża dla ówczesnych kościołów, które wyposażał w kosztowne dary, zarówno naczynia i szaty liturgiczne, jak i różnego typu dekoracje i obiekty kultu.

      Baptysterium San Giovanni in Laterano,
      kaplica św. Jana Ewangelisty - w nadprożu
      napis dedykacyjny papieża Hilarego

Hilary pochodził z Sardynii, a papieżem był siedem lat. Urząd objął po Leonie I i w jego też duchu upływał jego pontyfikat. Był nieprzejednanym przeciwnikiem arianizmu i wszelkich odszczepieństw podważających ustalony na soborze w Nicei w 325 roku dogmat o boskiej i ludzkiej naturze Chrystusa, który wciąż rozbudzał zagorzałe dyskusje na trzech kontynentach. Ale pomimo swego wrogiego nastawienia do innowierców papież zmuszony był do kompromisu, czego przykładem może być wzniesienie w Rzymie kościoła Sant’Agata dei Goti (ok. 470) przeznaczonego dla rezydujących w mieście ariańskich najemników.  Szczególną atencją darzył Hilary św. Jana Ewangelistę, upatrując jego wstawiennictwa w krytycznym momencie swego życia, gdy na soborze w Efezie w 449 roku (tzw. synod zbójecki), jeszcze jako legat papieski, ledwie uszedł z życiem w trakcie zaciekłych dysput teologicznych, które postanowiono rozwiązać zbrojnie. W podzięce za opiekę wybudował dla świętego małą kaplicę, która przylegała do baptysterium San Giovanni in Laterano (św. Jana na Lateranie).  Także dwie inne kaplice, również znajdujące się w tym przybytku, były owocem jego mecenatu. Dzisiaj o jego dotacji świadczy oryginalny napis znajdujący się w nadprożu wejścia do kaplicy św. Jana, informujący, że papież uratowany został dzięki pomocy tego ewangelisty.

Do obiektów nadzorowanych i w dużej mierze finansowanych przez papieża należało oratorium św. Wawrzyńca w kompleksie popadającej w ruinę wielkiej bazyliki cmentarnej San Lorenzo fuori le mura, w którym wybudowano też dwie biblioteki (grecką i łacińską), łaźnię oraz schronisko dla pielgrzymów, a także klasztor pod wezwaniem św. Szczepana.

Według Liber Pontificalis papież pochowany został w bezpośrednim sąsiedztwie św. Wawrzyńca. Wiele wieków później, w 1654 roku, doszło jednak do przeniesienia doczesnych szczątków Hilarego (wyniesionego tymczasem do godności świętego), a właściwie podarowania ich kolejnym kościelnym dygnitarzom, aż wreszcie trafiły do Mario Albricciego, kardynała i właściciela miasteczka Mesagne, zapewne aby podnieść rangę i prestiż siedziby kardynalskiej. Do dziś znajdują się one w tamtejszej bazylice Vergine Samtissima del Carmelo.

    Baptysterium San Giovanni in Laterano,
    kaplica św. Jana Chrzciciela z V w.,
    zmodernizowana w XVIII w.

 

Budowle powstałe w Rzymie za pontyfikatu papieża Hilarego:

Trzy kaplice (oratoria) dobudowane do baptysterium św. Jana na Lateranie

  • Kaplica św. Krzyża (Santa Croce) przeznaczona do przechowywania relikwii św. Krzyża, zdobiona mozaikamiw partii sklepienia i w partii przyokiennej i płytami marmurowymi w partii ścian (opus sectile), wyburzona w XVI wieku. Kronikarze donosili o sylwetkach świętych Piotra, Pawła i obu świętych Janów w partii przyokiennej oraz aniołów niosących krzyż w partii sklepienia.
  • Kaplica św. Jana Chrzciciela (zachowana), zdobiona mozaikami jak poprzednia – w XVIII wieku całkowicie zmodernizowana.
  • Kaplica św. Jana Ewangelisty (zachowana) zdobiona mozaikami z V wieku w partii sklepienia (Baranek Boży w centralnej części) 
  • Kościół San Stefano Rotondo – rozpoczęcie tej znaczącej budowli niektórzy badacze wiążą hipotetycznie z końcem pontyfikatu Hilarego 
  • Z inicjatywy Hilarego w ówczesnej świątyni Sant’Anastasia (dzisiejszy kościół u podnóża Palatynu) powstała mozaikowa dekoracja w absydzie (nieistniejąca)

 

 

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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')370μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '20' and `lang` = 'pl'520μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 20
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '20' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')400μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 20
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '21' and `lang` = 'pl'510μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 21
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '21' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')580μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 21
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')460μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '22' and `lang` = 'pl'520μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 22
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '22' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')610μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 22
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')560μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '23' and `lang` = 'pl'540μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 23
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '23' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')520μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 23
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')440μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '24' and `lang` = 'pl'340μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 24
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '24' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')480μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 24
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')640μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '25' and `lang` = 'pl'420μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 25
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '25' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')430μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 25
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')380μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '26' and `lang` = 'pl'540μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 26
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '26' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')320μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 26
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')430μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '27' and `lang` = 'pl'530μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 27
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '27' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')450μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 27
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')630μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '28' and `lang` = 'pl'560μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 28
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '28' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')610μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 28
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')480μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '29' and `lang` = 'pl'440μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 29
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '29' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')330μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 29
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `settings`580μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      • select * from `articles` where `id` = '83' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null510μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 83
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles')710μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '2' and `entity_id` = '83' and `lang` = 'pl'360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 2
        • 1. 83
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '3' and `entity_id` = '83' and `lang` = 'pl'490μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 3
        • 1. 83
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '6' and `entity_id` = '83' and `lang` = 'pl'560μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 6
        • 1. 83
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `urls` where `table` = 'articles' and `entity_id` = '83'650μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        • 1. 83
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles` where `articles`.`id` = '83' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1510μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 83
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      • select `articles_categories`.*, `articles_categories_join`.`article_id` as `pivot_article_id`, `articles_categories_join`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id` from `articles_categories` inner join `articles_categories_join` on `articles_categories`.`id` = `articles_categories_join`.`category_id` where `articles_categories_join`.`article_id` = '83'760μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 83
      • select * from `articles_categories` where `articles_categories`.`id` = '12' limit 1470μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 12
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      • select * from `attributes` where `key` in ('name') and (`table` = 'articles_categories')430μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. name
        • 1. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '12' and `lang` = 'pl'1.04msbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 12
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where `articles_categories`.`id` = '1' limit 1360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      • select * from `articles_photos` where `article_id` = '83'430μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 83
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')380μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '1348' and `lang` = 'pl'420μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 1348
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')370μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '1349' and `lang` = 'pl'360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 1349
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')350μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '1350' and `lang` = 'pl'410μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 1350
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')370μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '1351' and `lang` = 'pl'400μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 1351
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')560μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '1352' and `lang` = 'pl'300μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 1352
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')450μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '1353' and `lang` = 'pl'610μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 1353
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')390μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '5501' and `lang` = 'pl'480μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 5501
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_join` where `article_id` = '83'380μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 83
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles` where `id` = '17' and `status` = 'ACTIVE' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null400μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 17
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles')310μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '2' and `entity_id` = '17' and `lang` = 'pl'420μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 2
        • 1. 17
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '3' and `entity_id` = '17' and `lang` = 'pl'710μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 3
        • 1. 17
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '6' and `entity_id` = '17' and `lang` = 'pl'460μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 6
        • 1. 17
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `urls` where `table` = 'articles' and `entity_id` = '17'540μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        • 1. 17
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles` where `id` = '99' and `status` = 'ACTIVE' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null440μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 99
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles')620μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '2' and `entity_id` = '99' and `lang` = 'pl'320μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 2
        • 1. 99
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '3' and `entity_id` = '99' and `lang` = 'pl'540μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 3
        • 1. 99
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '6' and `entity_id` = '99' and `lang` = 'pl'460μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 6
        • 1. 99
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `urls` where `table` = 'articles' and `entity_id` = '99'490μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        • 1. 99
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles` where `articles`.`id` = '99' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1340μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 99
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      • select `articles_categories`.*, `articles_categories_join`.`article_id` as `pivot_article_id`, `articles_categories_join`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id` from `articles_categories` inner join `articles_categories_join` on `articles_categories`.`id` = `articles_categories_join`.`category_id` where `articles_categories_join`.`article_id` = '99'340μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 99
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')400μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '28' and `lang` = 'pl'630μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 28
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles` where `id` = '146' and `status` = 'ACTIVE' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null420μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 146
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles')340μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '2' and `entity_id` = '146' and `lang` = 'pl'520μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 2
        • 1. 146
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '3' and `entity_id` = '146' and `lang` = 'pl'930μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 3
        • 1. 146
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '6' and `entity_id` = '146' and `lang` = 'pl'380μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 6
        • 1. 146
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `urls` where `table` = 'articles' and `entity_id` = '146'630μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        • 1. 146
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles` where `articles`.`id` = '146' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1390μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 146
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      • select `articles_categories`.*, `articles_categories_join`.`article_id` as `pivot_article_id`, `articles_categories_join`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id` from `articles_categories` inner join `articles_categories_join` on `articles_categories`.`id` = `articles_categories_join`.`category_id` where `articles_categories_join`.`article_id` = '146'360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 146
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')440μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '17' and `lang` = 'pl'520μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 17
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles` where `id` = '201' and `status` = 'ACTIVE' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null560μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 201
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles')550μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '2' and `entity_id` = '201' and `lang` = 'pl'600μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 2
        • 1. 201
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '3' and `entity_id` = '201' and `lang` = 'pl'960μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 3
        • 1. 201
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '6' and `entity_id` = '201' and `lang` = 'pl'890μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 6
        • 1. 201
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `urls` where `table` = 'articles' and `entity_id` = '201'740μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        • 1. 201
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles` where `articles`.`id` = '201' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 201
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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