Pope Honorius III (1150–1227) – a significant Church strategist and an uncompromising ruler

Basilica of San Lorenzo fuori le mura, nave added in the XIII century by Pope Honorius III

Basilica of San Lorenzo fuori le mura, nave added in the XIII century by Pope Honorius III

He was a continuator of the policy of his powerful predecessor, Pope Innocent III. Just as he, Honorius attempted to maintain the position of the papacy as the most important authority in the Christian world, to which all secular rulers are subject (or at least should be subject). The papacy, as he understood it, was an authority in the political financial and legal sense and nothing of significance could have happened at any European court without the consent or participation of the pope. It was always he, who elevated kings and emperors to the throne and he who could overthrow them, thanks to the power granted to him by excommunication, meaning a tool of excluding one from the Christian world.
Basilica of San Lorenzo fuori le mura, nave added in the XIII century by Pope Honorius III
Basilica of San Paolo fuori le mura, apse mosaics
Basilica of San Paolo fuori le mura, apse mosaics, fragment
Church of Santi Vincenzo e Anastasio alle Tre Fontane, main nave
Façade of the Church of Sant’Eusebio (prior to modernization), drawing from XVI century by Girolamo Franzini pic. Wikipedia
He was a continuator of the policy of his powerful predecessor, Pope Innocent III. Just as he, Honorius attempted to maintain the position of the papacy as the most important authority in the Christian world, to which all secular rulers are subject (or at least should be subject). The papacy, as he understood it, was an authority in the political financial and legal sense and nothing of significance could have happened at any European court without the consent or participation of the pope. It was always he, who elevated kings and emperors to the throne and he who could overthrow them, thanks to the power granted to him by excommunication, meaning a tool of excluding one from the Christian world.

Honorius III sat upon St. Peter’s throne for eleven years. He was famous for approving the rule of the Dominicans (1216), Franciscans (1223) and Carmelites (1226), which led to a tremendous increase in the number of loyal, devoted to Evangelization monks, who as wondering, begging preachers (that is the formula they followed in the first years of their activity), attracted the faithful and doubting to the Church while helping the pope in his battle against heresy.

He also effectively fought against the pagans on the outskirts of the Christian world, supporting the Order of the Brothers of the German House of Saint Mary (The Teutonic Knights) on the lands of Konrad I of Masovia, which led to the annexation of the lands taken from the Prussians. At the beginning of his reign, his greatest ambition was to organize the Fifth Crusade. He negotiated with rulers of France and Aragon in order to bring his plans to fruition, while in 1220, in exchange for the promise of leading it, he crowned the King of Germany and Sicily, Frederick II Hohenstaufen, Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire. When the emperor hesitated with the preparation of the escapade, the pope threatened him with excommunication. Honorius did not live to see the crusade, which did however, come to pass and was led with success by the excommunicated emperor Frederick, a few years after the pope’s death.

Honorius III was buried in the Basilica of Santa Maria Maggiore, where he began his service to the Church as a canon.

He was a generous funder and renovator of sacral buildings in Rome.

 

Structures built during the pontificate of Honorius III:

  • Giving new form to the Basilica of St. Lawrence Outside the Walls (San Lorenzo fuori le mura) – the existing building was expanded on the western side by a body with three naves. The apse of the former church was torn down, while the church itself became a sort of presbytery.
  • Basilica of St. Paul Outside the Walls (San Paolo fuori le mura) – modernization of the church and its decoration (the pope honored himself in a rather inconspicuous way on the mosaic of the apse of the basilica).
  • Creation of a Dominican convent at the Church of Santa Sabina
  • Consecration and modernization of the Church of Santi Vincenzo e Anastasio alle Tre Fontante
  • Rebuilding and modernization of the Church of Sant’Eusebio along with the bell tower