Posąg św. Bibiany Berniniego – czyli jak przedstawić dziewicę w momencie błogostanu

Posąg św. Bibiany, fragment, kościół Santa Bibiana, Gian Lorenzo Bernini

Posąg św. Bibiany, fragment, kościół Santa Bibiana, Gian Lorenzo Bernini

Rzeźba ta nie należy zapewne do najlepszych dzieł genialnego Gian Lorenza Berniniego, ale jest pierwszą, w której przedstawia on nie świętego, bo tych już wcześniej rzeźbił, ale świętą. Daje ona też początek cyklowi kobiecych wizerunków kreujących zupełnie nową formę barokowej rzeźby religijnej. Dwadzieścia lat później Bernini stworzy doskonały posąg świętej Teresy, a pięćdziesiąt lat później równie wspaniałą statuę błogosławionej Ludwiki Albertoni. Warto przeto spojrzeć na Bibianę z zainteresowaniem, gdyż to na niej młody artysta ćwiczył się w radzeniu sobie z delikatną materią religijnej egzaltacji, ukazywanej poprzez subtelny gest i prawie słyszalne westchnienia; tutaj też po raz pierwszy miękkie draperie tkaniny, okrywającej ciało męczenniczki, stały się materiałem do budowania napięcia w rzeźbie.

Posąg św. Bibiany, fragment, kościół Santa Bibiana, Gian Lorenzo Bernini
Posąg św. Bibiany, Gian Lorenzo Bernini, kościół Santa Bibiana
Posąg św. Bibiany, fragment, kościół Santa Bibiana

Rzeźba ta nie należy zapewne do najlepszych dzieł genialnego Gian Lorenza Berniniego, ale jest pierwszą, w której przedstawia on nie świętego, bo tych już wcześniej rzeźbił, ale świętą. Daje ona też początek cyklowi kobiecych wizerunków kreujących zupełnie nową formę barokowej rzeźby religijnej. Dwadzieścia lat później Bernini stworzy doskonały posąg świętej Teresy, a pięćdziesiąt lat później równie wspaniałą statuę błogosławionej Ludwiki Albertoni. Warto przeto spojrzeć na Bibianę z zainteresowaniem, gdyż to na niej młody artysta ćwiczył się w radzeniu sobie z delikatną materią religijnej egzaltacji, ukazywanej poprzez subtelny gest i prawie słyszalne westchnienia; tutaj też po raz pierwszy miękkie draperie tkaniny, okrywającej ciało męczenniczki, stały się materiałem do budowania napięcia w rzeźbie.

      Posąg św. Bibiany, Gian Lorenzo Bernini,
      kościół Santa Bibiana

Posąg ukazujący młodocianą męczenniczkę Bibianę został zamówiony  w roku 1624 przez świeżo wybranego papieża Urbana VIII. Jego twórca miał wtedy 25 lat i choć młody, cieszył się już renomą dzięki rzeźbom wykonanym dla kardynała Scipione Borghese (m.in. Porwanie Prozerpiny, Dawid). Gdy pojawiło się zamówienie, Bernini zajęty był pracą, również dla Borghesego, nad grupą Apollo i Dafne. Znalazł jednak czas, by wsłuchać się w pragnienia nowego zleceniodawcy, który potem, przez następne dwie dekady, będzie żarliwym wielbicielem jego talentu. Bernini stanie się wykonawcą wszystkich najpoważniejszych przedsięwzięć Urbana VIII, czy to architektonicznych, czy rzeźbiarskich, a jeśli nie starczy mu czasu, będzie przynajmniej, w imieniu papieża, doglądał prac swych rywali.

Urban VIII jeszcze jako kardynał Maffeo Barberini znany był ze swych humanistycznych zainteresowań i talentów poetyckich. Nie krył też podziwu dla nastoletniej rzymianki. Napisał nawet na jej cześć odę, w której podkreślał jej dziewictwo, delikatną, eteryczną urodę i hart ducha w walce o swe przekonania. Ale jeszcze coś więcej – jej spokój w momencie śmierci i radosne wręcz oczekiwanie na wniebowzięcie, będące wypełnieniem jej posłannictwa na ziemi.

Jak więc ukazać dziewczynkę wedle legendy kilkunastoletnią, która posiada bagaż emocji tak dojrzałych i wiarę tak silną, że nie jest ich w stanie osłabić i zachwiać nawet widmo katuszy, upokorzenia i śmierci. Bernini odrzucił dotychczasowy sposób ukazywania świętych męczenników, wcześniej stosowany również przez niego, koncentrujący się na unaocznianiu martyrologii ich nagich ciał (św. Wawrzyniec, św. Sebastian). Tym razem jego męczenniczka Bibiana, w bestialski sposób więziona, obita batem i wreszcie porzucona psom na pożarcie, nie cierpi, pobudzając nas do współczucia, wręcz przeciwnie – spokojna, zanurzona w boskim świetle, spoglądająca w górę, zdaje się już znajdować w drodze między ziemią a niebem. Stan ten możemy nazwać błogostanem. Zaznaczony on jest jedynie subtelnie przez lekko otwarte usta, jakby święta pragnęła wydobyć z siebie jakiś głos albo westchnienie, i uniesioną rękę, jakby chciała uspokoić patrzących na nią. Bóg widoczny nad jej głową, na fresku w łuku zwieńczenia lunety, jest już gotowy na jej przyjęcie, ona zaś – jak się wydaje – bez żalu opuszcza ziemskie wcielenie.

      Posąg św. Bibiany, fragment, kościół Santa Bibiana,
      Gian Lorenzo Bernini

A teraz spójrzmy na draperię szat świętej. Bibiana odziana jest na modłę starożytnych westalek w tunikę i narzucone na nią supparum (rodzaj szala). Strój ten to jednak nie tylko odzienie, ale przede wszystkim dekoracja nadająca delikatnej dziewczynce znamiona dystynkcji i powagi. Po raz pierwszy artysta eksperymentuje tu z fałdami – ostrymi i miękko zaokrąglonymi, płytkimi i głębokimi. Powierzchnia szaty jest bogata i to ona w głównej mierze przyciąga naszą uwagę, dając doskonały wyraz ambiwalencji siły i delikatności – dwu przymiotów stanowiących o wielkości świętej. To z tych bogato udrapowanych szat wydobywają się jej członki – smukła szyja, delikatna, jeszcze dziecięca twarz, drobne ręce i ledwie widoczne fragmenty stóp. Wszystkie te elementy zobaczymy później w najwspanialszym dziele Berniniego – Ekstaza św. Teresy. Lecz o ile w tym drugim artysta skupi się głównie na bogatej draperii szat świętej, tu skorzysta jeszcze ze znaków dopowiadających scenę, czyli kolumny (symbolu kaźni Bibiany), trzymanej w ręce palmy (symbolu jej świętości) i krzaku lauru, który wyrasta spod jej stóp (według legendy była to mięta rzymska albo konopie agrimony) – symbol pośmiertnej chwały.

Bibiana, święta męczenniczka na nowo odkryta dla Kościoła przez papieża Urbana VIII, stanęła w ten sposób w szeregu innych dziewic pochodzących z Wiecznego Miasta (Agnieszka, Cecylia, Prudencjana, Prakseda, Anastazja), dając dowód niepodważalnego znaczenia Rzymu dla chrześcijańskiego świata i religijnych wartości w czasie, gdy jego potęga była podważana przez reformację, rozprzestrzeniającą się na północy Europy, oraz państwa narodowe coraz bardziej wyzwalające się spod papieskiej kurateli. Od tej pory męczennice i męczennicy, dający wyraz swego zjednoczenia z Bogiem ekstatycznie uniesionymi w górę oczyma i ręką (na ogół) na sercu, staną się najbardziej popularnym motywem, jaki zagości w katolickiej sztuce na całym świecie. 

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        Bindings
        • 0. 18
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')390μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '19' and `lang` = 'pl'340μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 19
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '19' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')330μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 19
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')350μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '20' and `lang` = 'pl'370μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 20
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '20' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')350μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 20
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')410μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '21' and `lang` = 'pl'390μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 21
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '21' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')390μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 21
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '22' and `lang` = 'pl'400μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 22
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '22' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')340μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 22
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '23' and `lang` = 'pl'400μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 23
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '23' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')410μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 23
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '24' and `lang` = 'pl'410μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 24
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '24' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')340μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 24
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')400μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '25' and `lang` = 'pl'350μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 25
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '25' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')350μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 25
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')350μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '26' and `lang` = 'pl'430μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 26
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '26' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')440μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 26
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')320μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '27' and `lang` = 'pl'460μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 27
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '27' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')380μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 27
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')420μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '28' and `lang` = 'pl'330μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 28
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '28' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')560μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 28
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')380μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '29' and `lang` = 'pl'360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 29
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '29' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')440μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 29
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `settings`340μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      • select * from `articles` where `id` = '343' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null620μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 343
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles')500μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '2' and `entity_id` = '343' and `lang` = 'pl'500μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 2
        • 1. 343
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '3' and `entity_id` = '343' and `lang` = 'pl'730μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 3
        • 1. 343
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '6' and `entity_id` = '343' and `lang` = 'pl'560μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 6
        • 1. 343
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `urls` where `table` = 'articles' and `entity_id` = '343'460μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        • 1. 343
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles` where `articles`.`id` = '343' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1430μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 343
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      • select `articles_categories`.*, `articles_categories_join`.`article_id` as `pivot_article_id`, `articles_categories_join`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id` from `articles_categories` inner join `articles_categories_join` on `articles_categories`.`id` = `articles_categories_join`.`category_id` where `articles_categories_join`.`article_id` = '343'740μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 343
      • select * from `articles_categories` where `articles_categories`.`id` = '26' limit 1480μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 26
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      • select * from `attributes` where `key` in ('name') and (`table` = 'articles_categories')400μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. name
        • 1. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '26' and `lang` = 'pl'350μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 26
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_photos` where `article_id` = '343'490μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 343
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')380μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '5381' and `lang` = 'pl'550μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 5381
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')380μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '5382' and `lang` = 'pl'420μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 5382
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '5383' and `lang` = 'pl'500μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 5383
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_join` where `article_id` = '343'410μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 343
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles` where `id` = '2' and `status` = 'ACTIVE' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null520μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 2
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles')540μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '2' and `entity_id` = '2' and `lang` = 'pl'350μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 2
        • 1. 2
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '3' and `entity_id` = '2' and `lang` = 'pl'430μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 3
        • 1. 2
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '6' and `entity_id` = '2' and `lang` = 'pl'550μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 6
        • 1. 2
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `urls` where `table` = 'articles' and `entity_id` = '2'380μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        • 1. 2
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles` where `articles`.`id` = '2' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1460μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 2
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      • select `articles_categories`.*, `articles_categories_join`.`article_id` as `pivot_article_id`, `articles_categories_join`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id` from `articles_categories` inner join `articles_categories_join` on `articles_categories`.`id` = `articles_categories_join`.`category_id` where `articles_categories_join`.`article_id` = '2'550μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 2
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')370μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '28' and `lang` = 'pl'360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 28
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles` where `id` = '34' and `status` = 'ACTIVE' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null370μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 34
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles')550μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '2' and `entity_id` = '34' and `lang` = 'pl'390μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 2
        • 1. 34
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '3' and `entity_id` = '34' and `lang` = 'pl'520μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 3
        • 1. 34
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '6' and `entity_id` = '34' and `lang` = 'pl'390μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 6
        • 1. 34
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `urls` where `table` = 'articles' and `entity_id` = '34'510μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        • 1. 34
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles` where `articles`.`id` = '34' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1540μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 34
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      • select `articles_categories`.*, `articles_categories_join`.`article_id` as `pivot_article_id`, `articles_categories_join`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id` from `articles_categories` inner join `articles_categories_join` on `articles_categories`.`id` = `articles_categories_join`.`category_id` where `articles_categories_join`.`article_id` = '34'360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 34
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')340μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '28' and `lang` = 'pl'360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 28
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles` where `id` = '41' and `status` = 'ACTIVE' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null460μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 41
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles')370μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '2' and `entity_id` = '41' and `lang` = 'pl'390μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 2
        • 1. 41
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '3' and `entity_id` = '41' and `lang` = 'pl'760μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 3
        • 1. 41
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '6' and `entity_id` = '41' and `lang` = 'pl'500μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 6
        • 1. 41
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `urls` where `table` = 'articles' and `entity_id` = '41'430μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        • 1. 41
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles` where `articles`.`id` = '41' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1340μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 41
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      • select `articles_categories`.*, `articles_categories_join`.`article_id` as `pivot_article_id`, `articles_categories_join`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id` from `articles_categories` inner join `articles_categories_join` on `articles_categories`.`id` = `articles_categories_join`.`category_id` where `articles_categories_join`.`article_id` = '41'410μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 41
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')340μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '5' and `lang` = 'pl'390μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 5
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles` where `id` = '105' and `status` = 'ACTIVE' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null390μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 105
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles')360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '2' and `entity_id` = '105' and `lang` = 'pl'300μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 2
        • 1. 105
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '3' and `entity_id` = '105' and `lang` = 'pl'670μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 3
        • 1. 105
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '6' and `entity_id` = '105' and `lang` = 'pl'370μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 6
        • 1. 105
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `urls` where `table` = 'articles' and `entity_id` = '105'570μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        • 1. 105
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles` where `articles`.`id` = '105' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1420μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 105
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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