Cesarz Walentynian III (419–455) – żałosny bunt lekceważonego władcy

Domniemany portret cesarza Walentyniana III z matką Gallą Placydia i siostrą Honorią, zdj. Wikipedia

Domniemany portret cesarza Walentyniana III z matką Gallą Placydia i siostrą Honorią, zdj. Wikipedia

Rządził imperium przez ponad trzydzieści lat. W innych czasach przypadłaby mu być może rola budzącego respekt cesarza, ale w V wieku, gdy imperatorzy byli jedynie figurantami, generałowie prawdziwymi władcami i przebiegłymi graczami politycznymi, a na dworze śmierć z przyczyn naturalnych stanowiła rzadkość, niełatwo było być stanowczym i rzutkim. Jego desperacka próba wybicia się na niepodległość zakończyła się krwawym mordem, z którym na wieki będzie kojarzony.

Domniemany portret cesarza Walentyniana III z matką Gallą Placydia i siostrą Honorią, zdj. Wikipedia
Domniemany portret cesarza Walentyniana III w wieku młodzieńczym, zdj. Wikipedia

Rządził imperium przez ponad trzydzieści lat. W innych czasach przypadłaby mu być może rola budzącego respekt cesarza, ale w V wieku, gdy imperatorzy byli jedynie figurantami, generałowie prawdziwymi władcami i przebiegłymi graczami politycznymi, a na dworze śmierć z przyczyn naturalnych stanowiła rzadkość, niełatwo było być stanowczym i rzutkim. Jego desperacka próba wybicia się na niepodległość zakończyła się krwawym mordem, z którym na wieki będzie kojarzony.

 

      Domniemany portret cesarza
      Walentyniana III w wieku młodzieńczym,
      zdj. Wikipedia

Walentynian III doszedł do władzy w szóstym roku życia (425). Do jego wyniesienia zbrojnie przyczynił się jego kuzyn Teodozjusz II – cesarz imperium wschodniego, dowodząc tym samym znaczenia więzów krwi, jakie łączyły obie, dopiero co rozdzielone przez ich wspólnego dziadka, cesarza Teodozjusza I, połowy rzymskiego cesarstwa. Sojusz między władcami przypieczętowało małżeństwo Walentyniana III z córką Teodozjusza II – Licynią Eudoksją. Cesarz miał wówczas osiemnaście lat, a jego małżonka piętnaście. Do tego czasu pieczę nad synem i cesarstwem zachodnim sprawowała jego matka Galla Placydia. Jej znaczenie i wpływy stopniowo jednak malały, a autentycznym władcą imperium stawał się Aecjusz – generał armii, wybitny strateg i nieprzeciętny polityk. To on dzierżył ster władzy, armia była mu oddana, a wrogowie darzyli szacunkiem, i to on tak naprawdę uosabiał imperium i wszystkie wartości z nim związane. Dopóki Hunowie na czele z Attylą, z którymi Aecjusz najpierw się sprzymierzył przeciw Wizygotom, a w ostatnim czasie walczył, stanowili realną siłę i niebezpieczeństwo, jego pozycja była niezachwiana. W momencie upadku ich potęgi (453) on sam nie wydawał się już niezbędny, a przynajmniej tak myślał pragnący wyjść z jego cienia cesarz, którego zadania ograniczały się do prezentacji cesarskiego majestatu.

Główna rezydencja cesarza znajdowała się w tym czasie w bezpiecznej Rawennie, ale jako pierwszy po cesarzu Maksencjuszu Walentynian III często przebywał w Wiecznym Mieście. Brał udział w posiedzeniach senatu, ceremoniach kościelnych i spotkaniach z ówczesnym biskupem Rzymu – charyzmatycznym Leonem I. Za jego pontyfikatu miasto zmieniło swój wygląd. Pogańskie świątynie świeciły pustkami, a po ulicach przemieszczali się pielgrzymi ściągani wizją odwiedzin świętych miejsc, przede wszystkim tych związanych z dwoma apostołami – św. Piotrem i św. Pawłem, nadającym miastu nowy blask sławy. Diakonaty, klasztory, hostele i hospicja dla pątników wyrastały na miejscu pogańskich przybytków Rzymu, który pretendował do rangi najważniejszego ośrodka świata chrześcijańskiego. Papież Leon I dążył z całą stanowczością do uczynienia z niego miasta świętego (urbs sacra), pierwszego pośród innych stolic biskupich. On też, jako głowa Kościoła, wywalczył sobie u Walentyniana III prawo do sprawowania jurysdykcji nad wszystkimi biskupami cesarstwa zachodniego. Para cesarska nie omieszkała też obdarzyć Kościoła cennymi fundacjami. Wraz z Licynią Eudoksją Walentynian wsparł budowę kościoła San Pietro in Vincoli, przyczynił się do odbudowy po pożarze bazyliki św. Pawła za Murami (San Paolo fuori le mura), był fundatorem kaplicy przy kościele Santa Croce, ofiarował też kosztowne srebra i złote ornamenty dla ozdoby bazyliki Santa Maria Maggiore.

Zapewne cesarz marzył o przywróceniu rangi cesarskiej purpurze, o zdobyciu respektu w armii i wydawaniu suwerennych decyzji. Od lat żywił pretensje i żale do Aecjusza i nie dotyczyły one tylko jego własnej, wieloletniej pozycji marionetkowego władcy, jakim zapewne się czuł i o czym jego otoczenie nie omieszkało mu przypominać. Co stanowiło bezpośredni powód haniebnego czynu, na jaki się zdecydował, nie wiemy. Być może było to odrzucenie przez Aecjusza jego imperialnych planów w momencie, gdy o mały włos, po śmierci Teodozjusza II, nie sięgnął po koronę wschodniego imperium. Miał prawo się o nią ubiegać, ale Aecjusz był zdecydowanie takiemu krokowi przeciwny. Drugim powodem niechęci były zapewne plany generała, które choć korzystne dla państwa, nie budziły akceptacji zagrożonego w swej i tak nikłej władzy Walentyniana. Pozbawiony męskiego potomka musiał myśleć o sukcesji tronu, a propozycja Aecjusza ożenienia jego syna Gaudencjusza z cesarską córką problem ten rozwiązywała. Dlaczego jednak ten chrześcijański władca musiał uciec się aż do mordu, aby pozbyć się rywala? Jego kalkulacja była nader prosta – każda inna metoda niosła niebezpieczeństwo wojny domowej i rewolty wojsk.     

Feralne zdarzenie miało miejsce w 454 roku w cesarskim pałacu na Palatynie i opisane zostało szczegółowo przez kronikarza Priskosa. Podczas składania przez Aecjusza sprawozdania ze stanu finansów i dochodów podatkowych Walentynian poderwał się z tronu i krzycząc, że ma dość zdrad, rzucił się na zaskoczonego generała z wydobytym z pochwy mieczem. Dopomógł mu eunuch – cesarski ochmistrz i tak zwany zarządca cesarskiej sypialni Herakliusz, który dokończył dzieła swego pana. Zmaltretowane zwłoki Aecjusza wystawiono na Forum Romanum. Spodziewana rewolta wojsk nie doszła do skutku i cesarz mógł odetchnąć – po psychicznej niewoli w końcu stał się panem własnych decyzji i własnych czynów, gotowym na wyzwania, jakie przyniesie mu los. Jak się okaże, na bardzo krótko, gdyż kilka miesięcy później on sam padnie ofiarą zamachowców. Badacze nie są zgodni, jakie powody nimi kierowały. Dwaj nasłani przez senatora Petroniusza Maksymusa Goci – dawni żołnierze Aecjusza i oficerowie straży cesarskiej – zamordowali Walentyniana ciosami miecza w głowę w trakcie ćwiczeń w strzelaniu z łuku nieopodal Rzymu. Oprawcy zabrawszy cesarski diadem i cesarskiego konia, udali się następnie do Petroniusza Maksymusa, który dzień później przywdział cesarską purpurę i pojawił się w cesarskim pałacu na Palatynie. Aby nie było wątpliwości, natychmiast też ożenił się z wdową po zamordowanym cesarzu – Licynią Eudoksją. Los, jaki stał się z kolei jego udziałem, był jeszcze bardziej żałosny – został rozszarpany przez rzymski motłoch, obwiniający go o ściągnięcie do Rzymu Wandalów na czele z Genzerykiem w odwecie za cesarską śmierć. Jego rozćwiartowane członki wystawiono początkowo na pokaz, a następnie wrzucono do Tybru.

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      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '17' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')330μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 17
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')420μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '18' and `lang` = 'pl'350μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 18
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '18' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')340μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 18
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')340μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '19' and `lang` = 'pl'350μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 19
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '19' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')400μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 19
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')370μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '20' and `lang` = 'pl'400μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 20
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '20' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')390μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 20
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')300μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '21' and `lang` = 'pl'330μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 21
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '21' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')330μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 21
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')390μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '22' and `lang` = 'pl'360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 22
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '22' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')590μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 22
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')340μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '23' and `lang` = 'pl'480μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 23
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '23' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 23
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '24' and `lang` = 'pl'310μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 24
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '24' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')460μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 24
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '25' and `lang` = 'pl'360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 25
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '25' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')530μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 25
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')380μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '26' and `lang` = 'pl'350μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 26
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '26' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')400μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 26
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')340μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '27' and `lang` = 'pl'340μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 27
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '27' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')350μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 27
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')340μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '28' and `lang` = 'pl'370μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 28
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '28' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')420μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 28
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '29' and `lang` = 'pl'320μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 29
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '29' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')410μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 29
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `settings`370μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      • select * from `articles` where `id` = '259' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null610μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 259
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles')540μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '2' and `entity_id` = '259' and `lang` = 'pl'380μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 2
        • 1. 259
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '3' and `entity_id` = '259' and `lang` = 'pl'540μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 3
        • 1. 259
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '6' and `entity_id` = '259' and `lang` = 'pl'380μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 6
        • 1. 259
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `urls` where `table` = 'articles' and `entity_id` = '259'410μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        • 1. 259
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles` where `articles`.`id` = '259' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1390μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 259
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      • select `articles_categories`.*, `articles_categories_join`.`article_id` as `pivot_article_id`, `articles_categories_join`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id` from `articles_categories` inner join `articles_categories_join` on `articles_categories`.`id` = `articles_categories_join`.`category_id` where `articles_categories_join`.`article_id` = '259'530μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 259
      • select * from `articles_categories` where `articles_categories`.`id` = '9' limit 1350μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 9
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      • select * from `attributes` where `key` in ('name') and (`table` = 'articles_categories')340μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. name
        • 1. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '9' and `lang` = 'pl'380μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 9
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where `articles_categories`.`id` = '8' limit 1390μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 8
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      • select * from `articles_photos` where `article_id` = '259'390μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 259
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')610μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '4087' and `lang` = 'pl'390μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 4087
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')290μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '4088' and `lang` = 'pl'330μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 4088
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_join` where `article_id` = '259'380μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 259
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles` where `id` = '138' and `status` = 'ACTIVE' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null380μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 138
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles')360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '2' and `entity_id` = '138' and `lang` = 'pl'390μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 2
        • 1. 138
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '3' and `entity_id` = '138' and `lang` = 'pl'510μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 3
        • 1. 138
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '6' and `entity_id` = '138' and `lang` = 'pl'420μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 6
        • 1. 138
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `urls` where `table` = 'articles' and `entity_id` = '138'370μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        • 1. 138
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles` where `articles`.`id` = '138' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1340μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 138
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      • select `articles_categories`.*, `articles_categories_join`.`article_id` as `pivot_article_id`, `articles_categories_join`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id` from `articles_categories` inner join `articles_categories_join` on `articles_categories`.`id` = `articles_categories_join`.`category_id` where `articles_categories_join`.`article_id` = '138'400μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 138
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')370μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '12' and `lang` = 'pl'320μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 12
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles` where `id` = '243' and `status` = 'ACTIVE' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null290μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 243
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles')290μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '2' and `entity_id` = '243' and `lang` = 'pl'290μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 2
        • 1. 243
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '3' and `entity_id` = '243' and `lang` = 'pl'400μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 3
        • 1. 243
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '6' and `entity_id` = '243' and `lang` = 'pl'420μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 6
        • 1. 243
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `urls` where `table` = 'articles' and `entity_id` = '243'350μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        • 1. 243
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles` where `articles`.`id` = '243' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1340μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 243
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      • select `articles_categories`.*, `articles_categories_join`.`article_id` as `pivot_article_id`, `articles_categories_join`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id` from `articles_categories` inner join `articles_categories_join` on `articles_categories`.`id` = `articles_categories_join`.`category_id` where `articles_categories_join`.`article_id` = '243'380μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 243
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')450μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '10' and `lang` = 'pl'330μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 10
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles` where `id` = '244' and `status` = 'ACTIVE' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null390μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 244
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles')330μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '2' and `entity_id` = '244' and `lang` = 'pl'400μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 2
        • 1. 244
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '3' and `entity_id` = '244' and `lang` = 'pl'460μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 3
        • 1. 244
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '6' and `entity_id` = '244' and `lang` = 'pl'390μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 6
        • 1. 244
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `urls` where `table` = 'articles' and `entity_id` = '244'430μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        • 1. 244
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles` where `articles`.`id` = '244' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1370μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 244
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      • select `articles_categories`.*, `articles_categories_join`.`article_id` as `pivot_article_id`, `articles_categories_join`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id` from `articles_categories` inner join `articles_categories_join` on `articles_categories`.`id` = `articles_categories_join`.`category_id` where `articles_categories_join`.`article_id` = '244'370μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 244
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')310μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '14' and `lang` = 'pl'650μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 14
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles` where `id` = '245' and `status` = 'ACTIVE' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null410μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 245
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles')350μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '2' and `entity_id` = '245' and `lang` = 'pl'350μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 2
        • 1. 245
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '3' and `entity_id` = '245' and `lang` = 'pl'850μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 3
        • 1. 245
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '6' and `entity_id` = '245' and `lang` = 'pl'490μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 6
        • 1. 245
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `urls` where `table` = 'articles' and `entity_id` = '245'330μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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