Papież Hipolit (ok. 170–235) – nadgorliwy święty rygorysta

Mozaika z czasów Pelagiusza, ostatni po prawej - św. Hipolit, bazylika San Lorenzo fuori le mura

Mozaika z czasów Pelagiusza, ostatni po prawej - św. Hipolit, bazylika San Lorenzo fuori le mura

Hipolit – autor pism teologicznych, do historii przeszedł jako pierwszy antypapież. Jak do tego doszło, że będąc wrogiem trzech żyjących w tym czasie, prawomocnie wybranych, a przez Kościół uznawanych za świętych papieży,  sam dostąpił świętości? Konflikt ideologiczny zaczął zarysowywać się w dyskusji Hipolita (zanim został papieżem) z ówczesnym biskupem Rzymu Kalikstem I i ciągnął się w trakcie pontyfikatu dwóch kolejnych papieży.
Mozaika z czasów Pelagiusza, ostatni po prawej - św. Hipolit, bazylika San Lorenzo fuori le mura
Kościół Sant'Ippolito, viale delle Provincie
Kościół Sant'Ippolito, viale delle Provincie
Posąg papieża Hipolita, kościół San Lorenzo in Damaso
Posąg papieża Hipolita, fragment, kościół San Lorenzo in Damaso
Hipolit – autor pism teologicznych, do historii przeszedł jako pierwszy antypapież. Jak do tego doszło, że będąc wrogiem trzech żyjących w tym czasie, prawomocnie wybranych, a przez Kościół uznawanych za świętych papieży,  sam dostąpił świętości? Konflikt ideologiczny zaczął zarysowywać się w dyskusji Hipolita (zanim został papieżem) z ówczesnym biskupem Rzymu Kalikstem I i ciągnął się w trakcie pontyfikatu dwóch kolejnych papieży.
      Kościół Sant'Ippolito, viale delle Provinci

W odróżnieniu od nich Hipolit był przedstawicielem rygorystycznej i nieugiętej linii w postępowaniu z wiernymi, którzy w czasie wcześniejszych prześladowań chrześcijan wyparli się wiary, albo tych, którzy dopuszczali się grzechów ciężkich, jak cudzołóstwo czy zabójstwo. Równie nieprzejednana była jego postawa wobec swobodnego życia seksualnego chrześcijanek – nie zezwalał on na związki seksualne kobiet niezamężnych, jak również ich ślub z niewolnikami. Nieugiętość Hipolita, mająca na celu wyrzucenie takich grzeszników poza gminy chrześcijańskie, zyskała mu wielu zwolenników, ale też wrogów. Z tego powodu założył on odrębną gminę poza Rzymem (w Porto), a przez grono swoich sympatyków został obwołany antypapieżem. W ten sposób od 217 roku w Kościele rzymskim zapanowała schizma, prowadząca do ciągłych zamieszek i starć w gronie samych chrześcijan: zwolenników oficjalnej, mniej kategorycznej, papieskiej linii z jednej strony i zwolenników Hipolita z drugiej.

Aby położyć kres rozruchom i przelewowi krwi, ówczesny cesarz Maksymin Trak nakazał wygnanie w 235 roku obu konkurentów – ówczesnego papieża Poncjana i antypapieża Hipolita i skazanie ich na przymusowe roboty na Sardynii. Praca w kamieniołomie pogodziła obu papieży, ale wycieńczenie fizyczne przyniosło ich rychłą śmierć, co pozwoliło Kościołowi uznać ich za świętych męczenników. Ich ciała przewieziono do Rzymu, ale nie spoczęły w jednym miejscu. Hipolit złożony został na cmentarzu przy via Tiburtina. Z czasem jego doczesne szczątki przeniesiono jednak do kościoła San Silvestro in Capite. Kroniki wspominają też o dalszej translokacji relikwii – do kościoła Santi Quattro Coronati, jak również bazyliki św. Wawrzyńca za Murami (San Lorenzo fuori le mura), co w przypadku tej ostatniej potwierdzałaby zachowana w jej absydzie mozaika z przedstawieniem świętego antypapieża.

      Prawdopodobnie św. Hipolit, antyczny
      posąg, Musei Vaticani, zdj. Wikipedia


Już w IV wieku Hipolit stał się patronem ludzi dotkniętych słabością ciała. Jego wizerunki w Rzymie są jednak nader nieliczne – na ogół przedstawiano go jako siedzącego mędrca z księgą, co odnosi się do stworzonych przez niego dzieł teologicznych (w większości zaginionych).  Należy też przyznać, że jego postać była niełatwa do popularyzacji. Pomimo późniejszego pojednania z prawomocnym papieżem i kanonizacji owiana była bowiem trudną do wytłumaczenia aurą niesubordynacji i schizmy. Być może dlatego jego imię zlało się z czasem z innym męczennikiem, jak się wydaje bliższym samym rzymianom – Hipolitem – strażnikiem więziennym i neofitą, nawróconym przez diakona Wawrzyńca w podziemiu swego domu. Miejsce pochówku św. Wawrzyńca znajdowało się niedaleko grobu Hipolita antypapieża i być może to dało asumpt do powstania barwnej postaci św. Hipolita – patrona koni i strażników więziennych.

O Hipolicie teologu przypomniano sobie w Rzymie wiele wieków później. Ciekawą, dedykowaną mu świątynię (Sant’Ippolito) odnajdziemy w oddalonej od centrum Rzymu dzielnicy Nomentano (viale delle Provincie), w niedalekiej odległości od katakumb, w których początkowo spoczęło ciało antypapieża Hipolita. Nie można nie zwrócić na nią uwagi, gdyż niezwykle surowa bryła i całkowicie pozbawiona dekoracji ceglana, monumentalna fasada przyciągają wzrok.  Kościół powstał w 1934 roku i jest przykładem poszukiwania nowego stylu w architekturze. Jej autorem był Clemente Busiri Vici, twórca kilku innych ascetycznych, surowych kościołów powstałych w mieście nad Tybrem w czasach rządów Benito Mussoliniego. Dzielnica była sztandarowym przykładem nowego budownictwa mieszkalnego powstającego pod patronatem Duce, a wspomniany kościół, którego zleceniodawcą był papież Pius XI, stanowić miał jej duchowe centrum. We wnętrzu nie ma jednak zbyt wielu dzieł poświęconych Hipolitowi oprócz fresku absydy z 1950 roku przedstawiającego Glorię św. Hipolita.

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        Bindings
        • 0. 20
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')380μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '21' and `lang` = 'pl'380μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 21
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '21' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')620μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 21
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')400μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '22' and `lang` = 'pl'400μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 22
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '22' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')410μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 22
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')410μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '23' and `lang` = 'pl'380μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 23
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '23' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')410μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 23
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')430μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '24' and `lang` = 'pl'440μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 24
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '24' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')400μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 24
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')410μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '25' and `lang` = 'pl'410μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 25
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '25' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')420μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 25
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')910μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '26' and `lang` = 'pl'560μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 26
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '26' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')400μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 26
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')390μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '27' and `lang` = 'pl'460μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 27
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '27' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')400μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 27
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')410μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '28' and `lang` = 'pl'440μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 28
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '28' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')400μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 28
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')410μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '29' and `lang` = 'pl'390μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 29
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '29' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')430μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 29
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `settings`410μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      • select * from `articles` where `id` = '84' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null6msbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 84
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles')390μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '2' and `entity_id` = '84' and `lang` = 'pl'420μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 2
        • 1. 84
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '3' and `entity_id` = '84' and `lang` = 'pl'500μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 3
        • 1. 84
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '6' and `entity_id` = '84' and `lang` = 'pl'430μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 6
        • 1. 84
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `urls` where `table` = 'articles' and `entity_id` = '84'370μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        • 1. 84
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles` where `articles`.`id` = '84' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1470μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 84
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      • select `articles_categories`.*, `articles_categories_join`.`article_id` as `pivot_article_id`, `articles_categories_join`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id` from `articles_categories` inner join `articles_categories_join` on `articles_categories`.`id` = `articles_categories_join`.`category_id` where `articles_categories_join`.`article_id` = '84'450μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 84
      • select * from `articles_categories` where `articles_categories`.`id` = '12' limit 1430μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 12
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      • select * from `attributes` where `key` in ('name') and (`table` = 'articles_categories')380μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. name
        • 1. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '12' and `lang` = 'pl'410μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 12
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where `articles_categories`.`id` = '1' limit 1420μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      • select * from `articles_photos` where `article_id` = '84'410μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 84
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '1355' and `lang` = 'pl'430μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 1355
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')390μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '1357' and `lang` = 'pl'400μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 1357
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')380μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '1359' and `lang` = 'pl'400μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 1359
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')640μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '4753' and `lang` = 'pl'370μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 4753
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')390μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '5502' and `lang` = 'pl'430μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 5502
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_join` where `article_id` = '84'380μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 84
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles` where `id` = '85' and `status` = 'ACTIVE' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 85
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles')390μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '2' and `entity_id` = '85' and `lang` = 'pl'420μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 2
        • 1. 85
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '3' and `entity_id` = '85' and `lang` = 'pl'460μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 3
        • 1. 85
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '6' and `entity_id` = '85' and `lang` = 'pl'420μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 6
        • 1. 85
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `urls` where `table` = 'articles' and `entity_id` = '85'410μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        • 1. 85
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles` where `id` = '99' and `status` = 'ACTIVE' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null690μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 99
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles')410μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '2' and `entity_id` = '99' and `lang` = 'pl'360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 2
        • 1. 99
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '3' and `entity_id` = '99' and `lang` = 'pl'610μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 3
        • 1. 99
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '6' and `entity_id` = '99' and `lang` = 'pl'420μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 6
        • 1. 99
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `urls` where `table` = 'articles' and `entity_id` = '99'580μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        • 1. 99
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles` where `articles`.`id` = '99' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1480μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 99
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      • select `articles_categories`.*, `articles_categories_join`.`article_id` as `pivot_article_id`, `articles_categories_join`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id` from `articles_categories` inner join `articles_categories_join` on `articles_categories`.`id` = `articles_categories_join`.`category_id` where `articles_categories_join`.`article_id` = '99'400μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 99
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')400μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '28' and `lang` = 'pl'400μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 28
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles` where `id` = '146' and `status` = 'ACTIVE' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null480μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 146
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles')400μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '2' and `entity_id` = '146' and `lang` = 'pl'490μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 2
        • 1. 146
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '3' and `entity_id` = '146' and `lang` = 'pl'700μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 3
        • 1. 146
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '6' and `entity_id` = '146' and `lang` = 'pl'580μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 6
        • 1. 146
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `urls` where `table` = 'articles' and `entity_id` = '146'460μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        • 1. 146
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles` where `articles`.`id` = '146' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1480μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 146
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      • select `articles_categories`.*, `articles_categories_join`.`article_id` as `pivot_article_id`, `articles_categories_join`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id` from `articles_categories` inner join `articles_categories_join` on `articles_categories`.`id` = `articles_categories_join`.`category_id` where `articles_categories_join`.`article_id` = '146'390μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 146
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')400μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '17' and `lang` = 'pl'340μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 17
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles` where `id` = '196' and `status` = 'ACTIVE' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null540μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 196
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles')500μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '2' and `entity_id` = '196' and `lang` = 'pl'400μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 2
        • 1. 196
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '3' and `entity_id` = '196' and `lang` = 'pl'720μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 3
        • 1. 196
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '6' and `entity_id` = '196' and `lang` = 'pl'510μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 6
        • 1. 196
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `urls` where `table` = 'articles' and `entity_id` = '196'380μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        • 1. 196
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles` where `articles`.`id` = '196' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1500μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 196
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      • select `articles_categories`.*, `articles_categories_join`.`article_id` as `pivot_article_id`, `articles_categories_join`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id` from `articles_categories` inner join `articles_categories_join` on `articles_categories`.`id` = `articles_categories_join`.`category_id` where `articles_categories_join`.`article_id` = '196'410μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 196
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')370μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '17' and `lang` = 'pl'360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 17
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles` where `id` = '198' and `status` = 'ACTIVE' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null400μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 198
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles')400μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '2' and `entity_id` = '198' and `lang` = 'pl'400μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 2
        • 1. 198
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Hints
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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