Papież Benedykt XIV (1675–1758) – modernizator, reformator, zaciekły wróg Żydów i wolnomularzy

Popiersie papieża Benedykta XIV, Musei Capitolini

Popiersie papieża Benedykta XIV, Musei Capitolini

Konklawe zwołane po śmierci papieża Klemensa XII na początku 1740 roku przeciągało się w nieskończoność. Powodem była walka kilku rywalizujących frakcji. Któregoś dnia, jak głosi anegdota, jeden z jego uczestników powiedzieć miał w charakterystycznym dla siebie, żartobliwym stylu: „chcecie świętego, wybierzcie Gottiego, chcecie męża stanu, wybierzcie Aldobrandiniego, chcecie męża uczciwego – wybierzcie mnie”. Najwyraźniej słowa te zrobiły wrażenie, skoro ich autor, niebrany do tej pory pod uwagę arcybiskup Bolonii Prospero Lambertini, po trwającym ponad pół roku konklawe, został ostatecznie nowym biskupem Rzymu.

Popiersie papieża Benedykta XIV, Musei Capitolini
Portret papieża Benedykta XIV, Condé Museum, Château de Chantilly, zdj. Wikipedia
Popiersie papieża Benedykta XIV, Musei Capitolini
Portret papieża Benedykta XIV, Pierre Subleyras, 1746, Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, zdj. Wikipedia
Pomnik nagrobny papieża Benedykta XIV, bazylika San Pietro in Vaticano
Pomnik nagrobny papieża Benedykta XIV, fragment, bazylika San Pietro in Vaticano

Konklawe zwołane po śmierci papieża Klemensa XII na początku 1740 roku przeciągało się w nieskończoność. Powodem była walka kilku rywalizujących frakcji. Któregoś dnia, jak głosi anegdota, jeden z jego uczestników powiedzieć miał w charakterystycznym dla siebie, żartobliwym stylu: „chcecie świętego, wybierzcie Gottiego, chcecie męża stanu, wybierzcie Aldobrandiniego, chcecie męża uczciwego – wybierzcie mnie”. Najwyraźniej słowa te zrobiły wrażenie, skoro ich autor, niebrany do tej pory pod uwagę arcybiskup Bolonii Prospero Lambertini, po trwającym ponad pół roku konklawe, został ostatecznie nowym biskupem Rzymu.

Ten wykształcony prawnik i orędownik nauki, nazywany także papieżem „oświeconym”, zasiadał na stolcu Piotrowym przez kolejnych osiemnaście lat, reformując swój urząd, ale przede wszystkim doprowadzając Państwo Kościelne do stabilizacji finansowej. Jego fundusze już od dłuższego czasu były w opłakanym stanie. Pierwszym krokiem, służącym poprawie takiego stanu rzeczy, było zaniechanie nepotyzmu. Drugim – skromny styl życia zarówno samej głowy Kościoła, jak i jego zredukowanego do minimum dworu, a także wyeliminowanie wszelkich przejawów luksusu i rezygnacja z wysokich apanaży dla współpracowników.

W czasie swego pontyfikatu Benedykt XIV zyskał uznanie na dworach europejskich swoją koncyliacyjnością, również względem wrogów, jakimi byli zwolennicy reformacji. Za przejaw jego otwartości należy uznać zezwolenie na druk dzieł Galileusza oraz starania o zdjęcie z listy ksiąg zakazanych dzieła Kopernika, do czego ostatecznie doszło dopiero pięćdziesiąt lat po śmierci papieża. Jego zainteresowanie nauką i jej wspieranie przysporzyło mu wielu zwolenników, również wśród ówczesnych intelektualistów, takich jak Wolter czy Monteskiusz, który nazywał go wręcz „papieżem uczonych”. Istniały jednak granice tolerancji, za które papież nie wychodził, a nawet je umacniał. To za jego pontyfikatu doszło do zatwierdzenia kultu (zniesionego w 1994 roku) błogosławionego Andreasa Oxnera – dziecka i rzekomej ofiary mordu rytualnego dokonanego przez Żydów w połowie XV wieku (bulla Beatus Andreas).


O ile niechętnie, czy wręcz wrogo nastawiony był papież do Żydów, którzy jego zdaniem mieli zły wpływ na katolików i powinni byli zostać pozbawieni możliwości sprawowania urzędów publicznych, o tyle wolnomularzy po prostu otwarcie zwalczał i potępiał, grożąc ekskomuniką każdemu, kto przystąpi do tajnych stowarzyszeń masońskich.

Obniżenie podatków w Państwie Kościelnym, dyscyplinowanie biskupów i skromny styl życia przysporzyły Benedyktowi XIV popularności w równej mierze, co jego poczucie humoru, jowialny sposób bycia i niewybredny język ukraszony wulgaryzmami. W bolońskim dialekcie przeklinał jak szewc, nie zważając na okoliczności i miejsce. Lud rzymski, równie skwapliwie korzystający w swym miejscowym dialekcie z wulgaryzmów, z sympatią traktował papieża używającego przekleństw w roli wykrzyknika, inaczej jednak patrzyli na to dostojnicy kościelni. Któryś z nich miał nawet za zadanie pociągać za papieską szatę, ilekroć Benedykt przeszarżował w swej słownej ekspresji. Jedna z anegdot przywołuje poranną naradę, podczas której papież, zdenerwowany wiadomością o pożarze w mieście, miał wykrzyknąć jedno ze swoich ulubionych przekleństw (cazzo!). Zdenerwowany mistrz ceremonii, który za każdym razem bezskutecznie ciągnął Benedykta za szatę, gdy ten po raz kolejny komentował złe wiadomości dosadnym „wykrzyknikiem”, został w końcu przywołany przez niego do porządku słowami: „Cazzo, cazzo, cazzo, mam zamiar uświęcić to słowo i dać odpust zupełny każdemu, kto wymówi je przynajmniej dziesięć razy dziennie”.


Drugą słabością papieża była tabaka. Korzystał z tej używki na tyle często i chętnie, że tabakierę zobaczymy nawet na jego pomniku nagrobnym (Pomnik nagrobny papieża Benedykta XIV). Zażywanie tabaki, polegające na jej wciąganiu przez nos, było w tym czasie czymś normalnym, tym bardziej że uważano ją za świetny środek na ból głowy, zębów, katar i zaparcia. Już papież Benedykt XIII zezwolił klerykom na zażywanie tabaki, zalecając jednak niekorzystanie z niej w czasie modlitw. Owo zezwolenie nie powinno dziwić, była to bowiem nie tylko modna używka, ale też ważna gałąź dochodów Państwa Kościelnego, dająca na dodatek zatrudnienie sporej grupie rzymskiej ludności. W samym Rzymie działały w drugiej połowie XVIII wieku aż trzy państwowe manufaktury produkujące wyroby tytoniowe (cygaretki, cygara, tabakę).

Benedyktowi XIV należy też zawdzięczać uratowanie przez całkowitą rozbiórką Koloseum, traktowanego przez wiele wieków jak kamieniołom, z którego pozyskiwano materiał do budowy pałaców rzymskiej arystokracji. Papież zakazał dalszej rozbiórki, a żeby rozwiać wątpliwości, oddał to miejsce pod opiekę świętych, rzekomo w tym miejscu umęczonych. Wybudowanie czternastu kaplic drogi krzyżowej dopełniło dzieła jego ochrony.

Mimo problemów finansowych, z jakimi się borykał, Benedykt XIV przeszedł do historii jako aktywny mecenas sztuki i nauki. Założył cztery akademie papieskie, stworzył na uniwersytecie Sapienza nowe wydziały – matematyki, fizyki eksperymentalnej i chemii, wzbogacał bibliotekę papieską w nowe woluminy, a Muzeum Kapitolińskie w nowe dzieła sztuki. W podległej mu rodzinnej Bolonii, na tamtejszym uniwersytecie, powołał do życia pierwszy wydział położnictwa i również za jego czasów katedrę wydziału matematyki tejże uczelni objęła – jako pierwsza kobieta – Maria Gaetana Agnesi.

Papież nie skąpił też funduszy na restaurację i modernizację upadających rzymskich świątyń, nakazując niekiedy ich całkowitą przebudowę w nowym stylu. Wobec zbliżającego się Roku Jubileuszowego (1750), w którym miasto miało ukazać swe nowe oblicze, była to dla Kościoła sprawa wielkiej wagi.


Działalność budowlana w Rzymie:

  •     Modernizacja i przebudowa kościołów Sant’Apollinare, Santa Brigida, Sant’Agata in Trastevere, Santi Marcellino e Pietro
  •     Ufundowanie figury św. Michała Archanioła (Peter Anton von Verschaffelt) zdobiącej zamek Sant’Angelo
  •     Kontynuacja budowy fontanny di Trevi, ostatecznie ukończonej w 1762 roku
  •     Konserwacja kopuły bazyliki San Pietro in Vaticano i prace restauratorskie oraz modernizacyjne w bazylice Santa Maria Maggiore i Santa Croce in Gerusalemme.

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      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '16' and `lang` = 'pl'390μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 16
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '16' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')410μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 16
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')330μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '17' and `lang` = 'pl'390μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 17
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '17' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')490μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 17
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')350μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '18' and `lang` = 'pl'330μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 18
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '18' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')350μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 18
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')430μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '19' and `lang` = 'pl'320μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 19
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '19' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')410μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 19
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')370μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '20' and `lang` = 'pl'520μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 20
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '20' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')330μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 20
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')310μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '21' and `lang` = 'pl'360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 21
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '21' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 21
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')370μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '22' and `lang` = 'pl'310μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 22
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '22' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')330μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 22
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')410μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '23' and `lang` = 'pl'360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 23
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '23' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')430μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 23
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')340μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '24' and `lang` = 'pl'410μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 24
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '24' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')350μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 24
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')340μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '25' and `lang` = 'pl'370μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 25
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '25' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')290μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 25
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')380μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '26' and `lang` = 'pl'390μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 26
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '26' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')340μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 26
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')350μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '27' and `lang` = 'pl'380μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 27
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '27' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')380μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 27
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')370μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '28' and `lang` = 'pl'420μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 28
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '28' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')380μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 28
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '29' and `lang` = 'pl'330μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 29
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '29' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')300μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 29
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `settings`370μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      • select * from `articles` where `id` = '486' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null430μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 486
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles')430μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '2' and `entity_id` = '486' and `lang` = 'pl'330μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 2
        • 1. 486
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '3' and `entity_id` = '486' and `lang` = 'pl'580μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 3
        • 1. 486
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '6' and `entity_id` = '486' and `lang` = 'pl'390μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 6
        • 1. 486
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `urls` where `table` = 'articles' and `entity_id` = '486'390μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        • 1. 486
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles` where `articles`.`id` = '486' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1530μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 486
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      • select `articles_categories`.*, `articles_categories_join`.`article_id` as `pivot_article_id`, `articles_categories_join`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id` from `articles_categories` inner join `articles_categories_join` on `articles_categories`.`id` = `articles_categories_join`.`category_id` where `articles_categories_join`.`article_id` = '486'480μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 486
      • select * from `articles_categories` where `articles_categories`.`id` = '12' limit 1400μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 12
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      • select * from `attributes` where `key` in ('name') and (`table` = 'articles_categories')380μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. name
        • 1. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '12' and `lang` = 'pl'350μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 12
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where `articles_categories`.`id` = '1' limit 1360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      • select * from `articles_photos` where `article_id` = '486'370μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 486
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')320μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '7117' and `lang` = 'pl'340μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 7117
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')370μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '7118' and `lang` = 'pl'400μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 7118
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')350μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '7119' and `lang` = 'pl'410μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 7119
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '7120' and `lang` = 'pl'400μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 7120
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')330μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '7121' and `lang` = 'pl'390μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 7121
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '7122' and `lang` = 'pl'390μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 7122
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_join` where `article_id` = '486'380μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 486
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles` where `id` = '55' and `status` = 'ACTIVE' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null350μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 55
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles')360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '2' and `entity_id` = '55' and `lang` = 'pl'270μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 2
        • 1. 55
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '3' and `entity_id` = '55' and `lang` = 'pl'570μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 3
        • 1. 55
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '6' and `entity_id` = '55' and `lang` = 'pl'330μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 6
        • 1. 55
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `urls` where `table` = 'articles' and `entity_id` = '55'360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        • 1. 55
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles` where `articles`.`id` = '55' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1500μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 55
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      • select `articles_categories`.*, `articles_categories_join`.`article_id` as `pivot_article_id`, `articles_categories_join`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id` from `articles_categories` inner join `articles_categories_join` on `articles_categories`.`id` = `articles_categories_join`.`category_id` where `articles_categories_join`.`article_id` = '55'340μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 55
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')340μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '23' and `lang` = 'pl'380μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 23
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles` where `id` = '64' and `status` = 'ACTIVE' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null380μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 64
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles')270μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '2' and `entity_id` = '64' and `lang` = 'pl'280μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 2
        • 1. 64
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '3' and `entity_id` = '64' and `lang` = 'pl'460μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 3
        • 1. 64
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '6' and `entity_id` = '64' and `lang` = 'pl'370μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 6
        • 1. 64
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `urls` where `table` = 'articles' and `entity_id` = '64'370μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        • 1. 64
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles` where `articles`.`id` = '64' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1380μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 64
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      • select `articles_categories`.*, `articles_categories_join`.`article_id` as `pivot_article_id`, `articles_categories_join`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id` from `articles_categories` inner join `articles_categories_join` on `articles_categories`.`id` = `articles_categories_join`.`category_id` where `articles_categories_join`.`article_id` = '64'400μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 64
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')330μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '23' and `lang` = 'pl'340μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 23
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles` where `id` = '274' and `status` = 'ACTIVE' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null280μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 274
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles')270μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '2' and `entity_id` = '274' and `lang` = 'pl'280μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 2
        • 1. 274
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '3' and `entity_id` = '274' and `lang` = 'pl'830μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 3
        • 1. 274
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '6' and `entity_id` = '274' and `lang` = 'pl'340μsbaza5943_roma
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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