Luigi Moretti (1907–1973) – architekt racjonalista, faszysta i postmodernista

Luigi Moretti, Accademia della Scherma, Foro Italico

Luigi Moretti, Accademia della Scherma, Foro Italico

Życiorys tego znaczącego włoskiego architekta czyta się jak fascynującą powieść. Jest w nim wszystko – talent, młodzieńcze zauroczenie faszyzmem, więzienie, międzynarodowa kariera, wyrafinowana kolekcja dzieł sztuki, intelektualne ambicje, ale też upodobanie do luksusu i arystokratyczno-burżuazyjnego towarzystwa. Trzeba przyznać, że nieskrywane sympatie dla faszyzmu przysporzyły mu wpływowych przyjaciół przed upadkiem i szczególnie dużo wrogów po upadku Benito Mussoliniego.

Luigi Moretti, Accademia della Scherma, Foro Italico
Luigi Moretti, Casa del Balilla, Largo Ascianghi 5, jedna z klatek schodowych, Trastevere
Luigi Moretti, Casa del Balilla, Largo  Ascianghi 5, Trastevere
Luigi Moretti, Casa del Balilla, Largo  Ascianghi 5, Trastevere
Luigi Moretti, Casa del Balilla, Largo  Ascianghi 5, balkon, Trastevere
Luigi Moretti, Accademia della Scherma, Foro Italico
Luigi Moretti, Accademia della Scherma, wnętrze, stan obecny
Luigi Moretti, Foro Italico (dawna Piazzale dell'Impero), widok na obelisk Mussoliniego od strony stadionu
Luigi Moretti, Casa del Girasole, viale Bruno Buozzi

Życiorys tego znaczącego włoskiego architekta czyta się jak fascynującą powieść. Jest w nim wszystko – talent, młodzieńcze zauroczenie faszyzmem, więzienie, międzynarodowa kariera, wyrafinowana kolekcja dzieł sztuki, intelektualne ambicje, ale też upodobanie do luksusu i arystokratyczno-burżuazyjnego towarzystwa. Trzeba przyznać, że nieskrywane sympatie dla faszyzmu przysporzyły mu wpływowych przyjaciół przed upadkiem i szczególnie dużo wrogów po upadku Benito Mussoliniego.

      Luigi Moretti, Accademia della Scherma, Foro Italico

Luigi Moretti był rzymianinem z krwi i kości: urodził się w tym mieście i całe życie był z nim związany. Jego wczesna kariera rozpoczęła się w czasach dyktatury Duce. Dostał od niego wszystko, o czym zamarzyć może młody adept architektury – swobodę działania i środki potrzebne na realizację pomysłów. Gdy miał lat dwadzieścia pięć, paramilitarna organizacja młodzieży faszystowskiej ONB (Opera Nazionale Balilla) powierzyła mu projekt pierwszej swej siedziby w rzymskiej dzielnicy Trastevere (Casa del Balilla). Ważne w dziejach architektury dzieło, które wówczas powstało, składało się z trzech członów, w których znalazły się sala gimnastyczna, gabinety lekarskie, biblioteka, teatr, basen i nieodzowny dla przemówień Duce balkon usytuowany na tle gołej ściany – rodzaju wieży. Nowoczesna, przejrzysta bryła, stworzona w duchu architektonicznego racjonalizmu, choć niepozbawiona pewnej dozy monumentalizmu, była pierwszym tego typu obiektem stworzonym dla tej organizacji. Kolejne przyniosły Morettiemu uznanie w gronie faszystowskich twórców, aktywnie budujących nowe oblicze włoskiej urbanistyki i architektury pod czujnym okiem samego Mussoliniego. Doskonale wpisywały się w nurt preferowanej w tym czasie tendencji do monumentalizmu i racjonalistycznego modernizmu. Drugim, równie udanym dziełem Morettiego powstałym w tym czasie w Rzymie była Accademia della Scherma (Dom Szermierki), gmach znajdujący się na Foro Italico (ongiś Foro Mussolini), tym razem składający się z dwóch prostopadłościennych, przylegających do siebie brył (1936). Architekt w interesujący sposób skontrastował w nim surowe, pozbawione okien płaszczyzny jednych ścian z całkowicie przeszklonymi, przejrzystymi partiami innych.

 

      Luigi Moretti, Foro Italico (dawna Piazzale dell'Impero),
      widok na obelisk Mussoliniego od strony stadionu

Po upadku Mussoliniego (1945) Moretti, jako beneficjent reżimu, kilka miesięcy spędził w więzieniu, po czym opuścił Rzym i przeniósł się do Mediolanu, gdzie wraz z dawnymi przyjaciółmi otworzył Cofimprese, towarzystwo finansowe zajmujące się realizacją projektów budowlanych. Rozpoczął też nowy rozdział w swojej karierze architektonicznej. Racjonalistyczne, wyrafinowane w swej prostocie graniastosłupy i walce zamienił na organiczne bryły (architettura organica) o rzeźbiarskich wręcz formach, bardziej odpowiadających panującej ówcześnie tendencji ideologicznej. W pofaszystowskiej Italii styl rationalismo jednoznacznie utożsamiano z epoką reżimu Mussoliniego, a chcąc się od niej odciąć, odcinano się też od jej stylu architektonicznego. Należy jednak przyznać, że prywatnie architekt nie ukrywał swych zażyłości z dawnymi reprezentantami reżimu, dziennikarzami i artystami tamtych lat, pozostał im wierny i po wojnie. Lubił eleganckie limuzyny, wystawny styl życia i znajomości z arystokratami i bogaczami. Otaczał się gronem uczniów, wielbicieli i wielbicielek jakby wyjętych z kadru filmu Federica Felliniego Dolce vita. Wynajmował mieszkanie i pracownię w Palazzo Colonna w centrum miasta, kolekcjonował dzieła sztuki, zarówno tej dawnej, barokowej, jak i nowoczesnej – modnej wówczas sztuki informel i action painting. Przyjaźnił się z włoskimi artystami, takimi jak Lucio Fontana, Alberto Burri, Giuseppe Capogrossi, i będąc przy tym cenionym teoretykiem architektury, twórcą ciekawych koncepcji z pogranicza filozofii i sztuki.

 

      Luigi Moretti, kompleks Watergate, Waszyngton, USA,
      zdj. Wikipedia

Zawodowy powrót Morettiego do Rzymu nastąpił w momencie projektowania budynku spółdzielni budowlanej ASTREA w dzielnicy Monteverde Nuovo. Ukazał się tu w zupełnie nowej odsłonie – gotowy do eksperymentowania, poszukujący nowego języka i tworzący łuskowate, wręcz chaotycznie odstające od siebie formy. Kolejny rzymski obiekt, podobnie niespokojny w kształcie (Il Girasole), ustawił go w rzędzie protoplastów dopiero co kiełkującego postmodernizmu, ale też wzbudził uznanie szerokiego grona architektów i teoretyków, choć nie wszystkich. Dla Bruno Zeviego – ówczesnego renomowanego krytyka architektury i zagorzałego przeciwnika ideologicznego Morettiego jego architektura była wręcz „niemożliwie konformistyczna”, choć i on nazwał jego wczesny projekt (Accademia della Scherma) prawdziwym arcydziełem. I tak ideologia kolejny raz stanęła na drodze percepcji sztuki, tym razem w ramach obrony ideologii antyfaszystowskiej.

W latach pięćdziesiątych Moretti zajął się redagowaniem artystycznego pisma „Spazzio” i prowadzeniem galerii sztuki współczesnej o tej samej nazwie na via Veneto w Rzymie. W tym czasie powstała też przedziwna, oparta na plastycznych, jakby rzeźbiarskich formach (walcach) bryła willi La Saracena w pobliżu Rzymu, ślubnego prezentu ówczesnego potentata prasowego dla swej córki wychodzącej za mąż za księcia Pignatelli.

 

Lata sześćdziesiąte i siedemdziesiąte to czas międzynarodowej kariery architekta. Budowle jego projektu stanęły w Egipcie, Kanadzie, USA, Algierii, Kuwejcie. Najbardziej spektakularny powstał w Waszyngtonie (1962) – jest nim osławiony aferą polityczną czasów prezydenta Nixona półkolisty, ekspresyjny hotelowo-mieszkaniowy kompleks Watergate.

Lata sześćdziesiąte i siedemdziesiąte to czas międzynarodowej kariery architekta. Budowle jego projektu stanęły w Egipcie, Kanadzie, USA, Algierii, Kuwejcie. Najbardziej spektakularny powstał w Waszyngtonie (1962) – jest nim osławiony aferą polityczną czasów prezydenta Nixona półkolisty, ekspresyjny hotelowo-mieszkaniowy kompleks Watergate.

 

Najważniejsze budowle Morettiego w Rzymie

  • Casa del Balilla (19321937) budynek organizacji faszystowskiej w dzielnicy Trastevere
  • Prace przy Foro Italico (do 1943 roku zwanym Foro Mussolini) – Accademia della Scherma (Dom Szermierki) i koncepcja Piazzale dell'Impero – placu znajdującego się przed stadionem olimpijskim
  • Budynek spółdzielni Casa dell’Astrea (1949)
  • Budynek mieszkalny Casa Girasole (1947–1950) przy viale Bruno Buozzi
  • Budowle wioski olimpijskiej (z Adalberto Liberą) (1958)
  • Dzielnica domów INCIS a Decima (z Adalberto Liberą) (1960), przy viale C. Sabatini
  • Budynek mieszkalny Palazzina San Mautizio (1962) przy via Romeo Romei
  • Dwa bliźniacze biurowce na terenie EUR, Piazzale dell’Agricoltura (1963)
  • Biurowiec Palazzo della Banca Popolare di Milano na Piazzale Flaminio (z C. Zacuttim) (1972)
  • Parking podziemny pod kompleksem parku Villa Borghese dla 2 tys. samochodów (19651973)

 

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      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '16' and `lang` = 'pl'400μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 16
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '16' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 16
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')400μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '17' and `lang` = 'pl'540μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 17
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '17' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 17
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')350μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '18' and `lang` = 'pl'360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 18
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '18' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')350μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 18
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')410μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '19' and `lang` = 'pl'400μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 19
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '19' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')340μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 19
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')400μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '20' and `lang` = 'pl'370μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 20
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '20' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')340μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 20
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '21' and `lang` = 'pl'370μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 21
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '21' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')330μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 21
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')320μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '22' and `lang` = 'pl'310μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 22
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '22' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')330μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 22
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')420μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '23' and `lang` = 'pl'390μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 23
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '23' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')390μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 23
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')350μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '24' and `lang` = 'pl'400μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 24
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '24' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')340μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 24
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')370μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '25' and `lang` = 'pl'390μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 25
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '25' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')380μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 25
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')350μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '26' and `lang` = 'pl'400μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 26
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '26' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')480μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 26
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')380μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '27' and `lang` = 'pl'390μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 27
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '27' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')350μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 27
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')450μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '28' and `lang` = 'pl'340μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 28
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '28' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')330μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 28
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')330μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '29' and `lang` = 'pl'360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 29
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '29' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 29
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `settings`360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      • select * from `articles` where `id` = '207' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null340μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 207
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles')300μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '2' and `entity_id` = '207' and `lang` = 'pl'450μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 2
        • 1. 207
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '3' and `entity_id` = '207' and `lang` = 'pl'600μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 3
        • 1. 207
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '6' and `entity_id` = '207' and `lang` = 'pl'410μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 6
        • 1. 207
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `urls` where `table` = 'articles' and `entity_id` = '207'350μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        • 1. 207
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles` where `articles`.`id` = '207' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1390μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 207
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      • select `articles_categories`.*, `articles_categories_join`.`article_id` as `pivot_article_id`, `articles_categories_join`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id` from `articles_categories` inner join `articles_categories_join` on `articles_categories`.`id` = `articles_categories_join`.`category_id` where `articles_categories_join`.`article_id` = '207'360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 207
      • select * from `articles_categories` where `articles_categories`.`id` = '3' limit 1390μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 3
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      • select * from `attributes` where `key` in ('name') and (`table` = 'articles_categories')380μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. name
        • 1. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '3' and `lang` = 'pl'330μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 3
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where `articles_categories`.`id` = '2' limit 1420μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 2
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      • select * from `articles_photos` where `article_id` = '207'450μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 207
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '3150' and `lang` = 'pl'350μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 3150
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')330μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '3151' and `lang` = 'pl'350μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 3151
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '3152' and `lang` = 'pl'350μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 3152
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '3153' and `lang` = 'pl'350μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 3153
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')340μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '3154' and `lang` = 'pl'340μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 3154
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')350μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '3155' and `lang` = 'pl'360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 3155
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')350μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '3156' and `lang` = 'pl'350μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 3156
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '3157' and `lang` = 'pl'360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 3157
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')350μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '3158' and `lang` = 'pl'360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 3158
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')320μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '3159' and `lang` = 'pl'320μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 3159
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '3160' and `lang` = 'pl'430μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 3160
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')320μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '3161' and `lang` = 'pl'370μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 3161
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')410μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '3162' and `lang` = 'pl'410μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 3162
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')380μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '3163' and `lang` = 'pl'360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 3163
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_join` where `article_id` = '207'390μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 207
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles` where `id` = '66' and `status` = 'ACTIVE' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null400μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 66
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles')370μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '2' and `entity_id` = '66' and `lang` = 'pl'340μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 2
        • 1. 66
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '3' and `entity_id` = '66' and `lang` = 'pl'740μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 3
        • 1. 66
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '6' and `entity_id` = '66' and `lang` = 'pl'350μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 6
        • 1. 66
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `urls` where `table` = 'articles' and `entity_id` = '66'380μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        • 1. 66
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles` where `id` = '82' and `status` = 'ACTIVE' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null370μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 82
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles')360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '2' and `entity_id` = '82' and `lang` = 'pl'390μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 2
        • 1. 82
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '3' and `entity_id` = '82' and `lang` = 'pl'540μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 3
        • 1. 82
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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