Łuk triumfalny Septymiusza Sewera – symbol rzymskiej ekspansji i dynastycznych ambicji

Łuk triumfalny Septymiusza Sewera

Łuk triumfalny Septymiusza Sewera

Łuk ten zauważy każdy, kto choć z daleka zbliży się do Forum Romanum. Niezwykle dobry stan jego zachowania zawdzięczać należy temu, że – podobnie jak inny znajdujący się na Forum łuk (łuk triumfalny Tytusa) – w okresie średniowiecza nie został rozebrany, ale służył jako część znajdującej się tu warowni, która de facto zabezpieczyła go na stulecia. Dzisiaj pozwala się podziwiać odsłonięty i oswobodzony z dodatkowych elementów. Jest symbolem ludzkich ambicji i porażki, jak memento odbijającym swe echo wśród ruin antycznego Rzymu.

Łuk triumfalny Septymiusza Sewera
Łuk triumfalny cesarza Septymiusza Sewera widziany od strony Forum Romanum
Łuk triumfalny cesarza Septymiusza Sewera widziany od strony Kapitolu, reliefy (po obu stronach) upamiętniające wyprawy cesarza przeciw Partom
Podstawa łuku triumfalnego Septymiusza Sewera, postacie jeńców wojennych
Popiersie cesarza Septymiusza Sewera, Museo Nazionale Romano - Palazzo Massimo
Popiersie cesarza Karakalli, Musei Capitolini
Łuk triumfalny cesarza Septymiusza Sewera, G.B. Piranesi, XVIII w.
Łuk triumfalny cesarza Septymiusza Sewera widziany od strony Forum Romanum, w tle Kapitol
Łuk triumfalny cesarza Septymiusza Sewera widziany od strony Forum Romanum, inskrypcja upamiętniająca cesarza

Łuk ten zauważy każdy, kto choć z daleka zbliży się do Forum Romanum. Niezwykle dobry stan jego zachowania zawdzięczać należy temu, że – podobnie jak inny znajdujący się na Forum łuk (łuk triumfalny Tytusa) – w okresie średniowiecza nie został rozebrany, ale służył jako część znajdującej się tu warowni, która de facto zabezpieczyła go na stulecia. Dzisiaj pozwala się podziwiać odsłonięty i oswobodzony z dodatkowych elementów. Jest symbolem ludzkich ambicji i porażki, jak memento odbijającym swe echo wśród ruin antycznego Rzymu.

      Łuk triumfalny cesarza Septymiusza Sewera widziany
      od strony Kapitolu, reliefy (po obu stronach)
      upamiętniające wyprawy cesarza przeciw Partom

Ten imponujący, trójprzelotowy łuk triumfalny zadedykowany jest cesarzowi Septymiuszowi Sewerowi. Został zbudowany w 203 roku dla upamiętnienia dwóch zwycięskich wypraw władcy przeciwko Partom. Jego środkowa, najwyższa brama miała 12 metrów wysokości i 7 metrów szerokości i znajdowała się bezpośrednio nad via Sacra, drogą prowadzącą do świątyni boga Jowisza na Kapitolu. Nad arkadami bocznymi łuku dojrzymy sceny ukazujące chwalebne wyprawy wojenne cesarza Septymiusza, a właściwie najazdy na cztery miasta – Nisibis w Mezopotamii, Edessę  w Azji Mniejszej (od strony Forum) i Seleucję oraz Ktezyfon  nad rzeką Tygrys (od strony Kapitolu), którym towarzyszą wizerunki rzymskich bogów i personifikacje pór roku.  Całość zdobią piękne kolumny o kompozytowych kapitelach, których bazy dekorowane są do dziś zachowanymi reliefami ukazującymi jeńców wojennych.  Na attyce łuku umieszczono w czasach antycznych wykonaną z brązu kwadrygę z cesarzem i jego dwoma synami, powożącymi sześcioma końmi. Cesarz chciał uwiecznić w ten sposób nowe zdobycze terytorialne, które były priorytetem jego panowania, oraz oddać hołd armii, której przewodził, stanowiącej fundament stabilnej polityki dynastycznej, jakiej pragnął dla swych sukcesorów. Wyprawy wojenne dostarczały Rzymowi nie tylko łupów wojennych, podatków i innych darowizn, ale też bardzo ważnego składnika sprawnie działającej gospodarki – niewolników. Armia, stająca się coraz ważniejszym elementem rzymskiej polityki, nigdy przedtem i nigdy później nie była tak liczna. Spokój w niej gwarantowały ciągłe wyprawy, zwycięstwa i łupy wojenne.

      Łuk triumfalny cesarza Septymiusza Sewera,
      G.B. Piranesi, XVIII w.

Łuk prezentuje w idealny sposób etos rzymskiego cesarza – chronionego i protegowanego przez bogów dzielnego zwycięzcy, który prowadzi wojny i terytorialne podboje ku chwale Rzymu i dobrostanu jego mieszkańców. Jednak nie tylko to chciał przemycić w pomniku swej chwały waleczny cesarz; łuk zadedykował bowiem też swym dwóm synom – następcom i kontynuatorom nowej dynastii Sewerów – Karakalli i Gecie, wierząc, że wspólnota krwi zapewni im sukces i ułatwi zgodne rządzenie.  Ponoć na łożu śmierci przekazał im swą mądrość życiową, która brzmiała następująco: bądźcie zgodni, szczodrzy w stosunku do żołnierzy, a oprócz tego pogardzajcie wszystkim innym. Ich imiona (choć po części jedynie) dojrzymy też w inskrypcji znajdującej się na attyce łuku, która informuje o tym, że łuk ten ufundował senat i lud rzymski zwycięzcy Septymiuszowi Sewerowi, jak również jego wybitnemu synowi (Karakalli) – ojcu ojczyzny, który uczynił niezwykle wiele tak dla tejże ojczyzny, jak i dla obcych. A gdzie wcześniej przywołany drugi syn Septymiusza Sewera – Geta? Początkowo i jego imię widniało na inskrypcji. Już w 211 roku, czyli po śmierci ojca, został on jednak skrytobójczo zamordowany przez brata, a jego imię – skazane na wieczną niepamięć – zostało na rozkaz Karakalli skute z łuku i zastąpione kolejnymi tyradami na rzecz jego samego. Ale i Karakalla nie żył zbyt długo. Sześć lat po śmierci ojca został zamordowany. Tym samym nastąpił kres dynastii Sewerów i inauguracja okresu powolnego rozpadu, jaki zaczął drążyć imperium w III stuleciu jego istnienia. Wszystkie pokładane w synach nadzieje wielkiego wodza Septymiusza Sewera legły w gruzach, ale – o dziwo – nie sam łuk.   

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      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '20' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')340μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 20
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')410μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '21' and `lang` = 'pl'460μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 21
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '21' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')490μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 21
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')470μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '22' and `lang` = 'pl'400μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 22
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '22' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')450μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 22
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')440μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '23' and `lang` = 'pl'590μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 23
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '23' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')620μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 23
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')730μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '24' and `lang` = 'pl'450μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 24
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '24' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')470μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 24
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')610μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '25' and `lang` = 'pl'570μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 25
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '25' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')630μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 25
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')380μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '26' and `lang` = 'pl'570μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 26
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '26' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')430μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 26
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')610μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '27' and `lang` = 'pl'650μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 27
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '27' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')640μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 27
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')530μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '28' and `lang` = 'pl'490μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 28
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '28' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')610μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 28
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')420μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '29' and `lang` = 'pl'670μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 29
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '29' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')390μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 29
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `settings`480μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      • select * from `articles` where `id` = '155' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null830μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 155
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles')660μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '2' and `entity_id` = '155' and `lang` = 'pl'690μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 2
        • 1. 155
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '3' and `entity_id` = '155' and `lang` = 'pl'680μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 3
        • 1. 155
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '6' and `entity_id` = '155' and `lang` = 'pl'650μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 6
        • 1. 155
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `urls` where `table` = 'articles' and `entity_id` = '155'520μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        • 1. 155
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles` where `articles`.`id` = '155' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1390μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 155
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      • select `articles_categories`.*, `articles_categories_join`.`article_id` as `pivot_article_id`, `articles_categories_join`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id` from `articles_categories` inner join `articles_categories_join` on `articles_categories`.`id` = `articles_categories_join`.`category_id` where `articles_categories_join`.`article_id` = '155'930μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 155
      • select * from `articles_categories` where `articles_categories`.`id` = '24' limit 1450μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 24
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      • select * from `attributes` where `key` in ('name') and (`table` = 'articles_categories')670μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. name
        • 1. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '24' and `lang` = 'pl'820μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 24
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where `articles_categories`.`id` = '16' limit 1560μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 16
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      • select * from `articles_photos` where `article_id` = '155'1.06msbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 155
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')1.4msbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '2465' and `lang` = 'pl'1.98msbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 2465
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')2.4msbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '2466' and `lang` = 'pl'2.3msbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 2466
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')1.17msbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '2468' and `lang` = 'pl'1.31msbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 2468
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')820μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '2469' and `lang` = 'pl'640μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 2469
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')520μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '2470' and `lang` = 'pl'770μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 2470
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')670μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '2471' and `lang` = 'pl'410μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 2471
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')480μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '2472' and `lang` = 'pl'810μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 2472
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')640μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '2473' and `lang` = 'pl'490μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 2473
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')500μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '2474' and `lang` = 'pl'570μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 2474
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')400μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '2475' and `lang` = 'pl'520μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 2475
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')690μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '2476' and `lang` = 'pl'490μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 2476
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')460μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '2477' and `lang` = 'pl'610μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 2477
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')560μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '2524' and `lang` = 'pl'560μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 2524
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')470μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '2525' and `lang` = 'pl'620μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 2525
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')560μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '2526' and `lang` = 'pl'490μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 2526
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')690μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '2527' and `lang` = 'pl'470μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 2527
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')480μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '2528' and `lang` = 'pl'450μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 2528
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')490μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '2529' and `lang` = 'pl'660μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 2529
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')510μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '2530' and `lang` = 'pl'700μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 2530
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_join` where `article_id` = '155'520μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 155
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles` where `id` = '104' and `status` = 'ACTIVE' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null450μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 104
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles')550μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '2' and `entity_id` = '104' and `lang` = 'pl'600μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 2
        • 1. 104
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '3' and `entity_id` = '104' and `lang` = 'pl'840μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 3
        • 1. 104
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '6' and `entity_id` = '104' and `lang` = 'pl'620μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 6
        • 1. 104
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `urls` where `table` = 'articles' and `entity_id` = '104'540μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        • 1. 104
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles` where `articles`.`id` = '104' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null limit 15.9msbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 104
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      • select `articles_categories`.*, `articles_categories_join`.`article_id` as `pivot_article_id`, `articles_categories_join`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id` from `articles_categories` inner join `articles_categories_join` on `articles_categories`.`id` = `articles_categories_join`.`category_id` where `articles_categories_join`.`article_id` = '104'3msbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 104
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')580μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '9' and `lang` = 'pl'680μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 9
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles` where `id` = '114' and `status` = 'ACTIVE' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null400μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 114
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles')450μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '2' and `entity_id` = '114' and `lang` = 'pl'440μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 2
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
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        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Metadata
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `urls` where `table` = 'articles' and `entity_id` = '118'390μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '6' and `entity_id` = '154' and `lang` = 'pl'450μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `urls` where `table` = 'articles' and `entity_id` = '154'430μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Metadata
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `urls` where `table` = 'articles' and `entity_id` = '158'600μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
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        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 158
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')640μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Metadata
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')410μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '16' and `lang` = 'pl'430μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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