Żebrak – bohater do zbawienia nieodzowny

Żebrak, Jusepe de Ribera, fragment, Galleria Borghese

Żebrak, Jusepe de Ribera, fragment, Galleria Borghese

W jednej z sal Galerii Borghese zobaczymy obraz ze wszech miar oryginalny i jakby odbiegający od innych eleganckich płócien i dekoracji tego wspaniałego rzymskiego przybytku sztuki. Twórca galerii – kardynał i papieski nepot Scipione Borghesenie był kolekcjonerem wyrafinowanym, jak Francesco Maria del Monte czy Vincenzo Giustiniani. Nie miał ambicji rozumienia sztuki i nie była ona przedmiotem jego rozważań czy dogłębnych analiz. Tym bardziej dziwić może obecność w jego zbiorach obrazu niemalże monochromatycznego, ukazującego wyłaniającą się z ciemnego tła pojedynczą postać żebraka w półfigurze. Nie wiemy, czy płótno to zostało przez kardynała zamówione, czy też nabył je, zainteresowany po prostu jego formą i tematem. W daleki sposób nawiązywało do stylu Caravaggia, którego kardynał był wielkim admiratorem.

Żebrak, Jusepe de Ribera, fragment, Galleria Borghese
Żebrak, Jusepe de Ribera, Galleria Borghese
Żebrak, Jusepe de Ribera, fragment, Galleria Borghese
Żebrak, Jusepe de Ribera, fragment, Galleria Borghese

W jednej z sal Galerii Borghese zobaczymy obraz ze wszech miar oryginalny i jakby odbiegający od innych eleganckich płócien i dekoracji tego wspaniałego rzymskiego przybytku sztuki. Twórca galerii – kardynał i papieski nepot Scipione Borghesenie był kolekcjonerem wyrafinowanym, jak Francesco Maria del Monte czy Vincenzo Giustiniani. Nie miał ambicji rozumienia sztuki i nie była ona przedmiotem jego rozważań czy dogłębnych analiz. Tym bardziej dziwić może obecność w jego zbiorach obrazu niemalże monochromatycznego, ukazującego wyłaniającą się z ciemnego tła pojedynczą postać żebraka w półfigurze. Nie wiemy, czy płótno to zostało przez kardynała zamówione, czy też nabył je, zainteresowany po prostu jego formą i tematem. W daleki sposób nawiązywało do stylu Caravaggia, którego kardynał był wielkim admiratorem.

Obraz pozostający w magazynach galerii przez wiele stuleci nie wzbudzał szczególnego zainteresowania, ba… nawet nie znano nazwiska jego twórcy. W kolejnych wiekach jego autorstwo przypisywano Caravaggiowi, Bartolomeo Manfrediemu, Dirckowi van Baburenowi, to znowu Jusepe de Riberze. Ostatecznie i jednoznacznie atrybucję dzieła ustalił znawca twórczości ostatniego z wymienionych malarzy – Gianni Papi, w 2002 roku odnajdując w najstarszym inwentarzu zbiorów kardynała Borghesego notatkę z roku 1633 potwierdzającą posiadanie przez niego obrazu w ramach z drewna orzechowego ukazującego żebraka i wykonanego ręką Spagnoletta (małego Hiszpana) – a pod takim przezwiskiem w Rzymie funkcjonował Ribera. Atrybucja ta pozwoliła umieścić płótno w zbiorze rzymskich dzieł hiszpańskiego malarza, wzbogacając go tym samym o jedną z jego najciekawszych prac z tego okresu.

Na czas pobytu Ribery w Rzymie, który trwał od około 1609 roku do roku 1616, przypada jego wielka fascynacja malarstwem Caravaggia. Ale Hiszpan poszedł dalej niż Merisi – wystarczy spojrzeć na obraz. Żebrak to postać nie tylko zauważona przez Riberę na rzymskiej ulicy, sportretowana, ale też w jakiś sposób wywyższona i zmonumentalizowana. Twórca ten chętnie malował w tym czasie męskie postacie w półfigurze – wyłaniające się z ciemnej czeluści tła starcze sylwetki starożytnych filozofów (Orygenesa, Demokryta) ale też świętych: Andrzeja, Jakuba, Hieronima. Bohaterem omawianego obrazu nie jest jednak filozof czy święty, których przedstawienia chętnie wieszano na ścianach, aby dać świadectwo swemu klasycznemu wykształceniu czy religijnemu zapałowi. Płótno ukazuje biedaka żyjącego na marginesie wielkiego miasta – osobę, którą raczej pragnęło się zapomnieć niż przywoływać z pamięci i uwieczniać. Obraz należy do nurtu malarstwa, które możemy nazwać pauperystycznym, który ma na celu skierowanie uwagi widza na najbiedniejszych i najmarniejszych przedstawicieli społeczeństwa, kreując ich równocześnie na współczesnych bohaterów. Miłość bliźniego, okazywanie empatii najbiedniejszym, indywidualne wspomaganie ich poprzez datki i grupowe wspieranie przez organizacje charytatywne (bractwa) były jeszcze bardzo żywe w Rzymie początku XVII stulecia za sprawą żyjących i przechowujących pamięć o Filipie Nereuszu oratorian – zrzeszenia osób świeckich i duchownych pragnących odnowy katolicyzmu w duchu solidaryzmu bogatych i biednych. Dla Ribery hasła oratorian (głodnych nakarmić, spragnionych napoić, nagich przyodziać, podróżnych w dom przyjąć, więźniów pocieszać, chorych nawiedzać, umarłych pogrzebać) mogły mieć szczególne znaczenie, gdyż w hiszpańskiej obyczajowości i religijności miłosierdzie, braterstwo i obowiązek dzielenia się z bliźnimi swym bogactwem były od zawsze w szczególny sposób podkreślane.


Ribera wybrał na bohatera obrazu człowieka w sile wieku, łysawego, o pobrużdżonym zmarszczkami czole, czerwonym nosie i równie czerwonych policzkach. Ich kolor, jak możemy się domyślać, to efekt nie tylko panującego na zewnątrz chłodu, ale też nadużywania wina. Smutne oczy żebraka nie patrzą na widza, ich spojrzenie skierowane jest jakby w dół, co nadaje jego twarzy wyrazu bezradności, a równocześnie zażenowania. Duże, spalone słońcem dłonie trzymają worek na datki, a postrzępione, składające się z kilku warstw odzienie odkrywa nagi, młody jeszcze tors. Silne światło płynące z górnego lewego rogu iluminuje czaszkę mężczyzny, nos, fragment szyi i dłonie, ale tworzy też poświatę za jego głową, nadając postaci monumentalny, wręcz sakralny charakter. Żebrak kieruje ku widzowi worek – jego swoisty atrybut, zachęcając tym samym do jałmużny. To ważny element obrazu, który wprowadza interakcję między przedstawianego bohatera a oglądającego obraz widza. Kolorystycznie Ribera pozostaje wierny Caravaggiowi – stosuje monochromatyczne, zgaszone brązy, szarości i zielenie. Natomiast tło obrazu pozostaje jednorodne, choć dostrzegalne są w nim przebarwienia, jakby malarz świadomie pozostawił go w fazie niedokończenia.

Ribera kilka razy pochylał się w swojej sztuce nad ludźmi z marginesu, a jego najbardziej znany obraz o tej tematyce to powstałe w późnym okresie jego twórczości płótno zatytułowane Kulawy chłopiec (1642, Musée du Louvre, Paryż). W tej monumentalnie potraktowanej kompozycji, o wymiarach 150 × 93 cm, mamy wręcz do czynienia z pewną heroizacją żebraka. Chłopiec trzyma w dłoni kartkę, na której widnieje napis: „Daj mi drobną jałmużnę, a Bóg ci odpłaci”. Najwyraźniej nie zważa przy tym na swoje upośledzenie, lecz uśmiecha się do nas szczerbatymi ustami. Obraz ten doskonale ilustruje wspomniany aspekt hiszpańskiej mentalności akcentującej wagę okazywania miłosierdzia bliźnim, czego wyznacznikiem była szczodra jałmużna. Dobry katolik nie skąpi jej potrzebującym, ona zaś – jak komunikuje chłopiec na obrazie – nie upokarza żebraka, bo to dzięki niej darczyńca może zapewnić sobie wstawiennictwo u Boga. W ten sposób obie strony są usatysfakcjonowane. Portretując konkretnego chłopca, podobnie jak czynił to w Żebraku, Ribera nie tworzy symbolu człowieka wyrzuconego na margines życia, ale przedstawia rozpoznawalne postaci – dzięki temu zabiegowi jego bohaterowie wzbudzają nie tylko sympatię, ale też poruszają duszę i sumienie.

Być może ten właśnie aspekt miał kluczowe znaczenie przy podejmowaniu przez Scipione Borghesego decyzji o zakupie obrazu i wyeksponowaniu go w swojej galerii. Być może i on odczytał intensywny przekaz moralny dzieła: oto żebrak został wyniesiony do wyższej rangi kogoś, kto sytuuje się między niebem a ziemią, bo przyjmując jałmużnę, pomaga wiernym spełniać ich chrześcijański obowiązek i ludzką powinność. Czyni ich lepszymi i bliższymi Bogu.

Żebrak, Jusepe de Ribera, ok. 1612, olej na płótnie, 110 cm × 78 cm, Galleria Borghese

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      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '16' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')350μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 16
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')330μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '17' and `lang` = 'pl'340μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 17
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '17' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')350μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 17
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')340μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '18' and `lang` = 'pl'340μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 18
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '18' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')400μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 18
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')390μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '19' and `lang` = 'pl'390μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 19
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '19' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')370μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 19
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')350μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '20' and `lang` = 'pl'380μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 20
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '20' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')410μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 20
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')330μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '21' and `lang` = 'pl'380μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 21
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '21' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')400μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 21
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')330μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '22' and `lang` = 'pl'390μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 22
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '22' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')380μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 22
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')370μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '23' and `lang` = 'pl'380μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 23
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '23' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')370μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 23
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')350μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '24' and `lang` = 'pl'390μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 24
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '24' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')370μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 24
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')350μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '25' and `lang` = 'pl'420μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 25
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '25' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')330μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 25
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')370μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '26' and `lang` = 'pl'390μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 26
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '26' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')370μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 26
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')340μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '27' and `lang` = 'pl'410μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 27
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '27' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')400μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 27
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')330μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '28' and `lang` = 'pl'350μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 28
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '28' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')370μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 28
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')330μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '29' and `lang` = 'pl'420μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 29
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '29' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')330μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 29
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `settings`360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      • select * from `articles` where `id` = '553' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null500μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 553
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles')450μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '2' and `entity_id` = '553' and `lang` = 'pl'360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 2
        • 1. 553
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '3' and `entity_id` = '553' and `lang` = 'pl'560μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 3
        • 1. 553
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '6' and `entity_id` = '553' and `lang` = 'pl'470μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 6
        • 1. 553
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `urls` where `table` = 'articles' and `entity_id` = '553'300μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        • 1. 553
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles` where `articles`.`id` = '553' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1260μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 553
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      • select `articles_categories`.*, `articles_categories_join`.`article_id` as `pivot_article_id`, `articles_categories_join`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id` from `articles_categories` inner join `articles_categories_join` on `articles_categories`.`id` = `articles_categories_join`.`category_id` where `articles_categories_join`.`article_id` = '553'320μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 553
      • select * from `articles_categories` where `articles_categories`.`id` = '26' limit 1490μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 26
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      • select * from `attributes` where `key` in ('name') and (`table` = 'articles_categories')330μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. name
        • 1. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '26' and `lang` = 'pl'380μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 26
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_photos` where `article_id` = '553'380μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 553
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')320μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '7942' and `lang` = 'pl'440μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 7942
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')320μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '7943' and `lang` = 'pl'390μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 7943
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '7944' and `lang` = 'pl'390μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 7944
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')350μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '7945' and `lang` = 'pl'380μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 7945
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_join` where `article_id` = '553'360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 553
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles` where `id` = '164' and `status` = 'ACTIVE' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null380μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 164
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles')360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '2' and `entity_id` = '164' and `lang` = 'pl'380μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 2
        • 1. 164
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '3' and `entity_id` = '164' and `lang` = 'pl'460μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 3
        • 1. 164
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '6' and `entity_id` = '164' and `lang` = 'pl'330μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 6
        • 1. 164
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `urls` where `table` = 'articles' and `entity_id` = '164'370μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        • 1. 164
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles` where `articles`.`id` = '164' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1390μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 164
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      • select `articles_categories`.*, `articles_categories_join`.`article_id` as `pivot_article_id`, `articles_categories_join`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id` from `articles_categories` inner join `articles_categories_join` on `articles_categories`.`id` = `articles_categories_join`.`category_id` where `articles_categories_join`.`article_id` = '164'400μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 164
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')350μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '26' and `lang` = 'pl'330μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 26
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles` where `id` = '440' and `status` = 'ACTIVE' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 440
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles')390μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '2' and `entity_id` = '440' and `lang` = 'pl'360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 2
        • 1. 440
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '3' and `entity_id` = '440' and `lang` = 'pl'530μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 3
        • 1. 440
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '6' and `entity_id` = '440' and `lang` = 'pl'470μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 6
        • 1. 440
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `urls` where `table` = 'articles' and `entity_id` = '440'360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        • 1. 440
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles` where `id` = '472' and `status` = 'ACTIVE' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null350μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 472
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles')370μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '2' and `entity_id` = '472' and `lang` = 'pl'350μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 2
        • 1. 472
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '3' and `entity_id` = '472' and `lang` = 'pl'560μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 3
        • 1. 472
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '6' and `entity_id` = '472' and `lang` = 'pl'1.95msbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 6
        • 1. 472
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `urls` where `table` = 'articles' and `entity_id` = '472'370μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        • 1. 472
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles` where `articles`.`id` = '472' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1400μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 472
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      • select `articles_categories`.*, `articles_categories_join`.`article_id` as `pivot_article_id`, `articles_categories_join`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id` from `articles_categories` inner join `articles_categories_join` on `articles_categories`.`id` = `articles_categories_join`.`category_id` where `articles_categories_join`.`article_id` = '472'410μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 472
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')350μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '26' and `lang` = 'pl'310μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 26
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles` where `id` = '526' and `status` = 'ACTIVE' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null340μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 526
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles')320μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '2' and `entity_id` = '526' and `lang` = 'pl'340μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 2
        • 1. 526
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '3' and `entity_id` = '526' and `lang` = 'pl'550μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 3
        • 1. 526
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Hints
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Hints
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Hints
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        Hints
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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