Gerrit (Gerard) van Honthorst (1590–1656) – wstrzemięźliwy malarz nokturnowy

Gerrit (Gerard) van Honthorst, Zuzanna ze starcami, 1655, Galleria Borghese

Gerrit (Gerard) van Honthorst, Zuzanna ze starcami, 1655, Galleria Borghese

Przełom XVI i XVII wieku to w Niderlandach okres niepokojów społecznych i walk religijnych. W Utrechcie, rządzonym przez protestancką, acz liberalną elitę, artysta należał do mniejszości katolickiej. Fachu uczył się u sławnego w mieście Abrahama Bloemaerta. Spośród czterdziestu ośmiu działających w tym czasie w Utrechcie malarzy, aż dwudziestu pięciu wyjechało do Włoch. Uczynił to także van Honthorst. W przeciągu kilku lat zyskał intratne zlecenia na wielkoformatowe dzieła przeznaczone do kościołów i podbił serca prywatnych kolekcjonerów. Jego szybka kariera była zadziwiająca, chyba także dla niego samego. Spróbujmy ją prześledzić.

Gerrit (Gerard) van Honthorst, Zuzanna ze starcami, 1655, Galleria Borghese
Gerrit van Honthorst, Ukrzyżowanie św. Piotra, rysunek na podstawie obrazu Caravaggia, Nasjonalmuseet, Oslo
Gerrit van Honthorst, Ścięcie św. Jana Chrzciciela, 1617, kościół Santa Maria della Scala
Gerrit van Honthorst, Koncert, 1626, Galleria Borghese
Gerrit van Honthorst, Wejście św. Pawła do Trzeciego Nieba, 1620, klasztor kościoła Santa Maria della Vittoria
Gerrit  van Honthorst, Naigrywanie z Chrystusa, 1613, kościół Santa Maria della Concezione
Gerrit van Honthorst, Wesołe towarzystwo, 1619, Galleria degli Uffizi, Florencja
Gerrit van Honthorst, Chrystus przed arcykapłanem Kajfaszem, fragment, National Gallery, Londyn
Gerrit (Gerard) van Honthorst, Cierniem koronowanie (dzieło przypisywane), kościół Santa Maria in Aquiro

Przełom XVI i XVII wieku to w Niderlandach okres niepokojów społecznych i walk religijnych. W Utrechcie, rządzonym przez protestancką, acz liberalną elitę, artysta należał do mniejszości katolickiej. Fachu uczył się u sławnego w mieście Abrahama Bloemaerta. Spośród czterdziestu ośmiu działających w tym czasie w Utrechcie malarzy, aż dwudziestu pięciu wyjechało do Włoch. Uczynił to także van Honthorst. W przeciągu kilku lat zyskał intratne zlecenia na wielkoformatowe dzieła przeznaczone do kościołów i podbił serca prywatnych kolekcjonerów. Jego szybka kariera była zadziwiająca, chyba także dla niego samego. Spróbujmy ją prześledzić.

Rzym był bez wątpienia artystycznym centrum Europy. Wystarczy wspomnieć, że w liczącym około stu tysięcy mieszkańców mieście żyło w tym czasie około 2700 artystów, w tym 572 obcokrajowców. Połowę z nich stanowili tzw. flamingi, czyli twórcy pochodzący z Niderlandów (Holendrzy i Flamandczycy). Przybywali nad Tybr nie tylko z powodu znajdujących się tam wspaniałych dzieł sztuki Michała Anioła czy Rafaela, antycznego dziedzictwa czy też szerokiego grona kolekcjonerów poszukujących nietuzinkowych obrazów (wolnego rynku sztuki), ale też możliwości pracy przy dekorowaniu nowo powstających pałaców, kościołów, kaplic i siedzib stowarzyszeń religijnych. Magnesem dla nich były też wiszące w rzymskich kościołach dzieła Caravaggia, zwracające uwagę młodych malarzy swym naturalizmem i tenebryzmem. A i on sam był dla nich interesujący – jako człowiek, ale przede wszystkim jako ktoś, kto wprowadził do malarstwa religijnego ludzi z krwi i kości – brudnych, starych i brzydkich.

Nie wiemy, kiedy Honthorst przybył do Rzymu. Na rok 1616 datowany jest jego rysunek (Nasjonalmuseet, Oslo) wykonany na podstawie obrazu Caravaggia (Męczeństwo  św. Piotra), co dowodzi, że utrechtczyk był już w tym czasie nad Tybrem. Giulio Mancini w swojej książce Considerazioni sulla pittura (1617–1621) pisze o nim jako o dobrym rysowniku, który uczęszczał do „accademia del vivo”, a więc „szkoły życia”, co oznacza, że studiował na ulicach i placach Rzymu i tam, szkicując z żywego modela, szukał modeli i inspiracji do swoich obrazów. Z Utrechtu przywiózł znakomity warsztat rysownika, ale też dociekliwość w poznawaniu psychiki portretowanego, na co szczególną uwagę zwracał przywoływany już Abraham Bloemaert. Umiał też van Honthorst, jak nikt do tej pory, malować sceny nocne rozświetlone sztucznym światłem świec, pochodni i latarni. Jego notturni wzbudzały zainteresowanie, gdyż były nie tylko świetnie skomponowane i nastrojowe, ale też bardzo trudne w wykonaniu. Wiedzę i praktykę w ich tworzeniu artysta zyskał już w Utrechcie, w Rzymie natomiast – w konfrontacji z Caravaggiem i innymi malarzami caravaggionistami – warsztat swój udoskonalił. Wprowadzał do swoich dzieł światło świec i lamp, które były całkowicie, albo częściowo, zasłonięte postaciami, co dawało zaskakujące efekty – twarze i szaty przedstawianych osób żarzyły się odbitym blaskiem. Sceny te nie były naładowane ekspresją, ale intensywną intymnością. Wspaniałym tego przykładem jest obraz Wesołe towarzystwo z lutnistą (1619, Galleria degli Uffizi, Florencja). To właśnie te malowane na wolny rynek kameralne sceny rodzajowe (koncerty, uczty i wesołe kompanie) z postaciami siedzącymi przy stole oświetlonym jedynie blaskiem świec, doskonałe techniczne, zaskakujące śmiałymi światłocieniami i świetnie uchwyconymi charakterami, zyskały Honthorstowi szczególny poklask. Ten świat i towarzystwo z półświatka rzymskich lupanarów i tawern malarz znał doskonale z autopsji (podobnie jak Caravaggio), wraz z innymi kolegami artystami tworząc prawdziwą rzymską bohemę tego czasu. Z policyjnego raportu, który jest jednym z nielicznych źródeł wiedzy na temat biografii Honthorsta, wiemy, że w lecie 1619 roku został on aresztowany w domu Vittorii da Rieti, z którą od dziesięciu miesięcy utrzymywał (według raportu) stosunki cielesne. Powodem zatrzymania nie była jednak zła reputacja kobiety, znanej jako cortigiana da candela, ale szpada mężczyzny, których noszenie – między innymi w domach uciech – było zabronione. Wyszukana i żartobliwa skądinąd nazwa cortigiana da candela (kurtyzana od świeczki) miała swoje praktyczne wytłumaczenie – wizyta u niej liczona była czasem płonącej świecy, co musiało zapewne dodatkowo stymulować artystów do uwieczniania tych atrakcyjnych, wesołych kobiet na nokturnowych obrazach. A wracając do naszego bohatera, Honthorst przesiedział jedną noc w areszcie, po czym został zwolniony.


Jako Gherardo delle Notti, gdyż tak nazywano go w Rzymie, ceniony był również przez Vincenza Giustinianiego – znakomitego kolekcjonera tego czasu, w którego pałacu mieszkał, mogąc przy okazji podziwiać znakomite obrazy, w tym te namalowane przez nieżyjącego od kilku lat Caravaggia. Wiemy też, że Giustiniani zakupił trzy dzieła utrechtczyka, dziś rozproszone po świecie, w tym to najsławniejsze – Chrystus przed arcykapłanem Kajfaszem (National Gallery, Londyn), a w swojej książce Discorso sopra la pittura (1618) zaliczył go do najwybitniejszych malarzy – obok Rubensa i Ribery, ale poniżej Caravaggia,
Annibale Carracciego i Guido Reniego.

Cytowany już Mancini twierdził, że malarz ubierał się elegancko i miał melancholijną naturę. Był gościnny, acz wstrzemięźliwy, nie rwał się do pijaństwa i bójek, wykazywał się też otwartością w stosunku do kolegów i zleceniodawców, którym pozwalał nawet podglądać się przy malowaniu, co nie było rzeczą oczywistą. Dla przykładu Caravaggio nigdy tego nie robił, zazdrośnie strzegąc swego warsztatu. Protekcja i uznanie Giustinianiego, jak i cechy charakteru samego van Honthorsta zapewne przyczyniły się do pozyskania przez niego ważnych zleceń na nastawy ołtarzowe od arystokratów rzymskich w Rzymie i poza nim.

Artysta wyjechał znad Tybru w lipcu 1620 roku i wrócił do Utrechtu, gdzie jego kariera nabrała jeszcze większego przyspieszenia. Ożenił się, stał się statecznym patrycjuszem i renomowanym twórcą. Malował dużo, głównie na wolny rynek, między innymi bardzo popularne sceny koncertów, biesiad i wesołych zabaw, często z moralizatorskim podtekstem. Malował dla wszystkich – dla kalwinów sceny ze Starego Testamentu, dla katolików wątki z Nowego Testamentu. Z czasem jego styl ewoluował, oddalając się od doświadczeń okresu rzymskiego, a w momencie, gdy van Honthorst zyskał posadę na dworze angielskim, a potem został malarzem kilku europejskich dworów – wręcz się skomercjalizował. To w tym czasie namalował niezliczoną ilość portretów.

Umierając, pozostawił około trzysta niesprzedanych obrazów.



Dzieła artysty w Rzymie:

  •     Ścięcie św. Jana Chrzciciela, 1617, kościół Santa Maria della Scala
  •     Koncert, 1626, Galleria Borghese
  •     Wejście św. Pawła do Trzeciego Nieba, 1620, Santa Maria della Vittoria
  •     Naigrywanie z Chrystusa, 1613, kościół Santa Maria della Concezione
  •     Cierniem koronowanie (dzieło przypisywane), kościół Santa Maria in Aquiro
  •     Święty Józef czytający, klasztor przy kościele San Francesco a Ripa
  •     Artysta w swoim atelier (dzieło przypisywane), ok. 1620, Galleria Nazionale d’Arte Antica, Palazzo Barberini
  •     Zuzanna ze starcami, 1655, Galleria Borghese
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')670μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '15' and `lang` = 'pl'640μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 15
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '15' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')490μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 15
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')630μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '16' and `lang` = 'pl'350μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 16
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '16' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')370μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 16
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')430μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '17' and `lang` = 'pl'340μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 17
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '17' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')390μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 17
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')380μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '18' and `lang` = 'pl'350μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 18
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '18' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')350μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 18
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')330μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '19' and `lang` = 'pl'420μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 19
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '19' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')340μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 19
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')370μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '20' and `lang` = 'pl'430μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 20
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '20' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')380μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 20
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')440μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '21' and `lang` = 'pl'480μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 21
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '21' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 21
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')350μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '22' and `lang` = 'pl'530μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 22
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '22' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')550μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 22
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')390μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '23' and `lang` = 'pl'350μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 23
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '23' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')480μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 23
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')330μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '24' and `lang` = 'pl'330μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 24
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '24' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')450μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 24
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')370μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '25' and `lang` = 'pl'350μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 25
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '25' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 25
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')330μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '26' and `lang` = 'pl'430μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 26
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '26' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')380μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 26
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')340μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '27' and `lang` = 'pl'360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 27
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '27' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')350μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 27
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')600μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '28' and `lang` = 'pl'400μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 28
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '28' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')340μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 28
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')450μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '29' and `lang` = 'pl'390μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 29
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '29' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')390μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 29
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `settings`370μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      • select * from `articles` where `id` = '469' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null390μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 469
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles')460μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '2' and `entity_id` = '469' and `lang` = 'pl'320μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 2
        • 1. 469
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '3' and `entity_id` = '469' and `lang` = 'pl'840μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 3
        • 1. 469
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '6' and `entity_id` = '469' and `lang` = 'pl'410μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 6
        • 1. 469
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `urls` where `table` = 'articles' and `entity_id` = '469'380μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        • 1. 469
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles` where `articles`.`id` = '469' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1350μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 469
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      • select `articles_categories`.*, `articles_categories_join`.`article_id` as `pivot_article_id`, `articles_categories_join`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id` from `articles_categories` inner join `articles_categories_join` on `articles_categories`.`id` = `articles_categories_join`.`category_id` where `articles_categories_join`.`article_id` = '469'460μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 469
      • select * from `articles_categories` where `articles_categories`.`id` = '5' limit 1360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      • select * from `attributes` where `key` in ('name') and (`table` = 'articles_categories')350μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. name
        • 1. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '5' and `lang` = 'pl'370μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 5
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where `articles_categories`.`id` = '2' limit 1340μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 2
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      • select * from `articles_photos` where `article_id` = '469'520μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 469
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')340μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '6936' and `lang` = 'pl'400μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 6936
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '6937' and `lang` = 'pl'480μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 6937
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')320μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '6938' and `lang` = 'pl'430μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 6938
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')330μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '6939' and `lang` = 'pl'400μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 6939
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')320μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '6940' and `lang` = 'pl'390μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 6940
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')320μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '6941' and `lang` = 'pl'550μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 6941
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')350μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '6942' and `lang` = 'pl'400μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 6942
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')320μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '6943' and `lang` = 'pl'390μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 6943
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '6944' and `lang` = 'pl'400μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 6944
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '6945' and `lang` = 'pl'400μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 6945
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')340μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '6946' and `lang` = 'pl'390μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 6946
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_join` where `article_id` = '469'340μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 469
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles` where `id` = '29' and `status` = 'ACTIVE' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null400μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 29
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles')560μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '2' and `entity_id` = '29' and `lang` = 'pl'400μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 2
        • 1. 29
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '3' and `entity_id` = '29' and `lang` = 'pl'660μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 3
        • 1. 29
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '6' and `entity_id` = '29' and `lang` = 'pl'430μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 6
        • 1. 29
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `urls` where `table` = 'articles' and `entity_id` = '29'380μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        • 1. 29
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles` where `articles`.`id` = '29' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 29
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      • select `articles_categories`.*, `articles_categories_join`.`article_id` as `pivot_article_id`, `articles_categories_join`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id` from `articles_categories` inner join `articles_categories_join` on `articles_categories`.`id` = `articles_categories_join`.`category_id` where `articles_categories_join`.`article_id` = '29'450μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 29
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')330μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '5' and `lang` = 'pl'400μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 5
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles` where `id` = '185' and `status` = 'ACTIVE' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null370μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 185
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles')290μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
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        Hints
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        Metadata
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        Hints
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        Metadata
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        Hints
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        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
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        Hints
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        Metadata
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
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        Metadata
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        Metadata
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
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        Metadata
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
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        Metadata
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
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        Hints
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        Metadata
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
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        Metadata
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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