Święta Bibiana (Santa Bibiana) – nieustępliwa rzymska dziewczynka zachłostana na śmierć

Cykl malowideł poświęconych męczeństwu św. Bibiany, kościół Santa Bibiana

Cykl malowideł poświęconych męczeństwu św. Bibiany, kościół Santa Bibiana

Domenico Fedini w powstałym w 1627 roku dziele La vita di S. Bibiana Vergine e Martire opisuje piękny, ujmujący słodyczą zapach i blask bijący z sarkofagu świętej Bibiany, jakich doświadczyli robotnicy w trakcie prac remontowych prowadzonych w kościele pod jej wezwaniem (Santa Bibiana). Niechybnie ta legendarna rzymska męczenniczka popadłaby w zapomnienie, gdyby nie papież Urban VIII z rodu Barberinich, który w związku ze zbliżającym się Rokiem Jubileuszowym 1625 nakazał nie tylko odnowienie zrujnowanego kościółka, ale też przywrócenie pamięci tej świętej.

Cykl malowideł poświęconych męczeństwu św. Bibiany, kościół Santa Bibiana
Fasada kościoła Santa Bibiana, Gian Lorenzo Bernini
Wnętrze kościoła Santa Bibiana z posągiem św. Bibiany w absydzie
Posąg św. Bibiany, kościół Santa Bibiana, Gian Lorenzo Bernini
Św. Bibiana i Rufina przez pogańskimi bóstwami, freski w nawie kościoła Santa Bibiana, Pietro da Cotrona
Biczowanie św. Bibiany, kościół Santa Bibiana, Pietro da Cortona
Ciało św. Bibiany porzucone na pożarcie psom, kościół Santa Bibiana, Agostino Ciampelli
Złożenie zwłok św. Bibiany do grobu, kościół Santa Bibiana, Agostino Ciampelli

Domenico Fedini w powstałym w 1627 roku dziele La vita di S. Bibiana Vergine e Martire opisuje piękny, ujmujący słodyczą zapach i blask bijący z sarkofagu świętej Bibiany, jakich doświadczyli robotnicy w trakcie prac remontowych prowadzonych w kościele pod jej wezwaniem (Santa Bibiana). Niechybnie ta legendarna rzymska męczenniczka popadłaby w zapomnienie, gdyby nie papież Urban VIII z rodu Barberinich, który w związku ze zbliżającym się Rokiem Jubileuszowym 1625 nakazał nie tylko odnowienie zrujnowanego kościółka, ale też przywrócenie pamięci tej świętej.

Czuły na sztukę i dopiero rozpoczynający swój długi, ponad dwudziestoletni pontyfikat papież Urban VIII wykorzystał fakt cudownego odnalezienia grobu Bibiany, aby w królewski wręcz sposób przyozdobić wnętrze świątyni, gdzie spoczęły jej ziemskie szczątki. Na ścianach kościoła zilustrowana została vita świętej, a rzeźba znajdująca się w ołtarzu głównym (Posąg św. Bibiany Berniniego) przypominać miała jej postać i pobudzać do rozmyślań na temat ofiarności pierwszych chrześcijan i ich niczym niezachwianej wiary. To dla tych dekoracji, stworzonych przez dwóch bardzo jeszcze młodych, ale świetnie rokujących artystów (Gian Lorenzo Bernini i Pietro da Cortona), zmierzają dziś do tego przybytku nieliczni turyści – miłośnicy sztuki barokowej.

 


Kim była Bibiana? Pierwsze wzmianki na jej temat znajdziemy w opisie życia papieża Symplicjusza (468–483) w sławnym Liber Pontificalis. Dowiadujemy się z nich, iż papież ufundował kościół upamiętniający Bibianę oraz jej matkę i siostrę. I to właściwie wszystko, co na jej temat wiemy. Nieznane są nam żadne historyczne przekazy – ani te dotyczące jej męczeńskiej śmierci, ani jej życia. Ale tam, gdzie brak jest dostatecznych faktów, najczęściej rodzą się legendy. Tragiczny los Bibiany opisany został w typowy hagiograficzny sposób w VII wieku w Passio Bibianae. Miała urodzić się w czasach sprzyjającego chrześcijanom cesarza Konstantyna Wielkiego i być córką chrześcijanina – rzymskiego prefekta Flawiana oraz pochodzącej z rodziny konsulów Dafrozy. Gdy nastało panowanie nieprzychylnego chrześcijanom cesarza Juliana Apostaty, szacowni rodzice użyczali schronienia prześladowanym współwyznawcom. Flawian – uwięziony przez bezdusznego Apronyana, swego następcę na urzędzie prefekta i zaciekłego wroga, zmarł na skutek zadawanych mu tortur. Podobny los spotkał nieugiętą w wierze Dafrozę, która jak przystało na wysoko urodzoną rzymiankę, została ścięta mieczem. Ich córki, Demetria i Bibiana, mogły ujść z życiem, gdyby zdecydowały się na oddanie hołdu pogańskim bóstwom, ale ich opór był nie do przełamania, zarówno przez głód i więzienie, jak i tortury. Pierwsza zmarła Demetria. Piękna Bibiana wzbudziła zachwyt Apronyana do tego stopnia, że zapragnął on uratować dziewczynę. Wysłał do niej Rufinę, znaną stręczycielkę. Gdy na nic się zdały również jej zachęty do zacnego zamążpójścia, przyszła pora na zastraszanie (Bibianę zamknięto w domu uciech, aby skłonić ją do grzechu cielesnego), ale i to nie przyniosło odstępstwa dziewczyny od wiary. Przywiązana do kolumny, wychłostana biczem z ołowianym śrutem, cztery dni później zmarła. Dla przestrogi jej ciało rzucono na plac psom na pożarcie. Nietknięte, zabrał je stamtąd ksiądz o imieniu Jan, a pochowała je w pobliżu grobu matki i siostry niejaka Olimpina, krewna Bibiany. I to ona miała też ufundować (według legendy) kościół pod jej wezwaniem.



Jako datę śmierci dziewczyny podaje się lata 361–363, czyli czasy krótkiego panowania cesarza Juliana Apostaty, który pragnął przywrócić w Rzymie stare wierzenia, a tym samym osłabić rozpowszechnione i protegowane przez jego poprzedników chrześcijaństwo. Źródła historyczne podają, że na ogół nie uciekał się on do przemocy, uważając, że męczeństwo bardziej wzmaga w wyznawcach Chrystusa ducha oporu, niż go łamie. Raczej starał się zniechęcić do niego niż je zwalczać. Okres ten, zwany nawrotem do pogaństwa – krótki i marginalny, wzbudził jednak w chrześcijanach strach i niepewność, i zapewne to na nich wyrosła legenda o naszej bohaterce. Bibiana stała się symbolem niezachwianej wiary, której wobec możliwości pozyskania dóbr wiecznych nie jest w stanie skruszyć żadna utrata dóbr doczesnych, a nawet życia.

Atrybutami Bibiany stała się kolumna, przy której była biczowana, do dziś widniejąca za metalową kratą w wejściu do kościoła, bicz, sztylet, ale też… mięta. Są też tacy, którzy w wiązanej z męczenniczką roślinie widzą konopie agrimony (powszechnie spotykane na ówczesnych nieużytkach) – zioło stosowane w leczeniu padaczki. Wieść gminna niosła bowiem, że pył zeskrobany z otoczonej kultem kolumny, zmieszany z wywarem z rośliny zerwanej w pobliżu miejsca pochówku Bibiany, pomaga chorym na epilepsję. Z czasem święta stała się również orędowniczką chorych psychiczne, alkoholików, ale też tych cierpiących na bóle wszelakie, także kaca. Co ciekawe, kościół znajduje się niedaleko rzymskiej świątyni Minerva Medica, której ruiny widoczne są do dziś. Ozdrowieńcze właściwości Bibiany najwyraźniej wynikały z nawiązania do mocy boskiej, acz pogańskiej Minerwy.

Bez wątpienia wysokie urodzenie, młody wiek, dziewczęca uroda, siła charakteru i nieodzowny wątek erotyczny były najważniejszymi elementami, z których budowano legendy męczenniczek w średniowieczu i powtarzano je w nowożytności. I dzisiaj opery mydlane bazują na podobnych motywach, jedynie wiek bohaterek jest wyższy, gdyż nikt nie ośmieliłyby się osadzać w podobnych rolach dziewcząt 11–16-letnich, a tyle mniej więcej lat liczyła Bibiana.

Dziś nikt nie pamięta o Bibianie, której dzień święty przypada na 2 grudnia. Mało tego, zniknęła ona z oficjalnego rejestru świętych, choć pozostało po niej ludowe porzekadło mówiące, że jeśli pada deszcz w dniu św. Bibiany, pada też cztery tygodnie po tej dacie.

 

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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '17' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')380μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 17
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '18' and `lang` = 'pl'370μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 18
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '18' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')430μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 18
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')400μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '19' and `lang` = 'pl'360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 19
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '19' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')380μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 19
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')370μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '20' and `lang` = 'pl'550μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 20
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '20' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 20
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')350μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '21' and `lang` = 'pl'300μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 21
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '21' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')430μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 21
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')320μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '22' and `lang` = 'pl'570μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 22
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '22' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')530μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 22
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')430μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '23' and `lang` = 'pl'410μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 23
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '23' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')350μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 23
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '24' and `lang` = 'pl'300μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 24
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '24' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')330μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 24
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')380μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '25' and `lang` = 'pl'380μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 25
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '25' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')420μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 25
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')330μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '26' and `lang` = 'pl'390μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 26
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '26' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')320μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 26
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '27' and `lang` = 'pl'430μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 27
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '27' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')390μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 27
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')380μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '28' and `lang` = 'pl'370μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 28
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '28' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')390μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 28
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')290μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '29' and `lang` = 'pl'330μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 29
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '29' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')300μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 29
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `settings`370μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      • select * from `articles` where `id` = '338' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null710μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 338
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles')490μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '2' and `entity_id` = '338' and `lang` = 'pl'410μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 2
        • 1. 338
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '3' and `entity_id` = '338' and `lang` = 'pl'470μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 3
        • 1. 338
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '6' and `entity_id` = '338' and `lang` = 'pl'390μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 6
        • 1. 338
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `urls` where `table` = 'articles' and `entity_id` = '338'310μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        • 1. 338
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles` where `articles`.`id` = '338' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1280μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 338
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      • select `articles_categories`.*, `articles_categories_join`.`article_id` as `pivot_article_id`, `articles_categories_join`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id` from `articles_categories` inner join `articles_categories_join` on `articles_categories`.`id` = `articles_categories_join`.`category_id` where `articles_categories_join`.`article_id` = '338'420μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 338
      • select * from `articles_categories` where `articles_categories`.`id` = '28' limit 1360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 28
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      • select * from `attributes` where `key` in ('name') and (`table` = 'articles_categories')390μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. name
        • 1. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '28' and `lang` = 'pl'400μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 28
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_photos` where `article_id` = '338'470μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 338
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')420μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '5314' and `lang` = 'pl'350μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 5314
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')370μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '5315' and `lang` = 'pl'400μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 5315
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')380μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '5316' and `lang` = 'pl'350μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 5316
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')340μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '5317' and `lang` = 'pl'300μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 5317
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')330μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '5318' and `lang` = 'pl'300μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 5318
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')320μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '5319' and `lang` = 'pl'290μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 5319
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')330μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '5320' and `lang` = 'pl'300μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 5320
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')310μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '5321' and `lang` = 'pl'300μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 5321
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_join` where `article_id` = '338'330μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 338
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles` where `id` = '2' and `status` = 'ACTIVE' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null410μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 2
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles')370μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '2' and `entity_id` = '2' and `lang` = 'pl'430μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 2
        • 1. 2
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '3' and `entity_id` = '2' and `lang` = 'pl'410μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 3
        • 1. 2
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '6' and `entity_id` = '2' and `lang` = 'pl'410μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 6
        • 1. 2
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `urls` where `table` = 'articles' and `entity_id` = '2'380μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        • 1. 2
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles` where `articles`.`id` = '2' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1390μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 2
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      • select `articles_categories`.*, `articles_categories_join`.`article_id` as `pivot_article_id`, `articles_categories_join`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id` from `articles_categories` inner join `articles_categories_join` on `articles_categories`.`id` = `articles_categories_join`.`category_id` where `articles_categories_join`.`article_id` = '2'410μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 2
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')340μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '28' and `lang` = 'pl'300μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 28
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles` where `id` = '34' and `status` = 'ACTIVE' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null320μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 34
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles')300μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '2' and `entity_id` = '34' and `lang` = 'pl'310μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 2
        • 1. 34
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '3' and `entity_id` = '34' and `lang` = 'pl'630μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 3
        • 1. 34
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '6' and `entity_id` = '34' and `lang` = 'pl'490μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 6
        • 1. 34
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `urls` where `table` = 'articles' and `entity_id` = '34'380μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        • 1. 34
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles` where `articles`.`id` = '34' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1450μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 34
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      • select `articles_categories`.*, `articles_categories_join`.`article_id` as `pivot_article_id`, `articles_categories_join`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id` from `articles_categories` inner join `articles_categories_join` on `articles_categories`.`id` = `articles_categories_join`.`category_id` where `articles_categories_join`.`article_id` = '34'350μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 34
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')340μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '28' and `lang` = 'pl'360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 28
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles` where `id` = '41' and `status` = 'ACTIVE' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 41
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles')360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '2' and `entity_id` = '41' and `lang` = 'pl'360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 2
        • 1. 41
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '3' and `entity_id` = '41' and `lang` = 'pl'680μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 3
        • 1. 41
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '6' and `entity_id` = '41' and `lang` = 'pl'420μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 6
        • 1. 41
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `urls` where `table` = 'articles' and `entity_id` = '41'370μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
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        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
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        Metadata
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        Metadata
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles')310μsbaza5943_roma
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
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        Metadata
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        Metadata
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
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        Metadata
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
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        Hints
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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