Silvia Ruffini (ok. 1475–1561) – cicha wdowa z gromadką kardynalskich dzieci

Fryz zdobiący Salę Perseusza, zamek Sant'Angelo

Fryz zdobiący Salę Perseusza, zamek Sant'Angelo

Nawet w rozluźnionym moralnie środowisku renesansowego Rzymu jej przypadek był czymś wyjątkowym. Rzadko bowiem wdowa szlacheckiego pochodzenia w regularnych odstępach czasu rodziła dzieci i to nie byle komu, ale znaczącemu kardynałowi. Konkubinat przedstawicieli Kościoła był akceptowany, ale nawet nad wyraz swobodny obyczajowo kardynał Borgia (późniejszy papież Aleksander VI) pragnął zachować jakieś pozory przyzwoitości, żeniąc swe wybranki serca z przypadkowymi kandydatami. Tym razem tak się jednak nie stało. I choć związek kardynała Farnese z Silvią okazał się fundamentem potęgi rodu, wiemy o niej niewiele, prawie nic.

Fryz zdobiący Salę Perseusza, zamek Sant'Angelo
Domniemany portret Silvii Ruffini, F. Salviati, fresk w Palazzo della Cancelleria
Sala Perseusza, zamek Sant'Angelo, fryz z domniemanym wizerunkiem Silvi Ruffini
Domniemany portret Silvii Ruffini, Perin del Vaga, Sala Perseusza, zamek Sant'Angelo
Domniemany portret Silvii Ruffini, dekoracje ścienne, Palazzo Rondanini (siedziba syna -Tiberio Crespiego)

Nawet w rozluźnionym moralnie środowisku renesansowego Rzymu jej przypadek był czymś wyjątkowym. Rzadko bowiem wdowa szlacheckiego pochodzenia w regularnych odstępach czasu rodziła dzieci i to nie byle komu, ale znaczącemu kardynałowi. Konkubinat przedstawicieli Kościoła był akceptowany, ale nawet nad wyraz swobodny obyczajowo kardynał Borgia (późniejszy papież Aleksander VI) pragnął zachować jakieś pozory przyzwoitości, żeniąc swe wybranki serca z przypadkowymi kandydatami. Tym razem tak się jednak nie stało. I choć związek kardynała Farnese z Silvią okazał się fundamentem potęgi rodu, wiemy o niej niewiele, prawie nic.

W dokumencie, w którym kardynał Alessandro Farnese potwierdza ojcostwo czwórki swoich dzieci, nie widnieje imię matki, a jedynie notatka, że była to kobieta szlacheckiego pochodzenia. Przypomina to świadectwa rodowodowe koni szlachetnej krwi, w których spotkać można informację „matka nieznana”. Dlaczego niepodane zostało imię kobiety, która towarzyszyła temu mężczyźnie wiele dziesięcioleci, a później została odstawiona na boczny tor? Aby to zrozumieć, należałoby zagłębić się zapewne w meandry ludzkiej duszy, a ponieważ niewiele wiemy na temat tego związku, pozostają nam jedynie domysły.

Domniemany portret Silvii Ruffini, Sala Perseusza, zamek Sant'Angelo


Zacznijmy jednak od początku, szczególnie że jest on nad wyraz emocjonujący. Płomienny romans papieża Aleksandra VI z młodszą o ponad czterdzieści lat Giulią Farnese zaowocował wyniesieniem jej brata Aleksandra do rangi kardynała w wieku dwudziestu pięciu lat. Silvia była wówczas około siedemnastoletnią dziewczyną, która w 1494 roku wyszła za mąż za szlachcica Giovanniego Battistę Crispo. Urodziła mu trzech synów, z których znany nam jest tylko Tiberio (1498). Romans kardynała Farnesego z Sylwią musiał rozpocząć się nie później niż w 1499 roku, gdyż w tym właśnie roku została poczęta Constanza, ich wspólne dziecko. Poznali się zapewne poprzez jednego z sześciu braci Silvii i najwyraźniej zapałali do siebie żarliwym uczuciem. Skąd wiemy, kto był ojcem nowo narodzonej Constanzy? Wiele lat później sam kardynał uznał ją za własne dziecko, choć oficjalnie urodzone zostało jeszcze w trakcie trwania małżeństwa Silvii z Giovannim Crispo. Czy mąż wiedział o podwójnym życiu swej żony, czy się domyślał, czy wręcz je akceptował – nie wiemy. Ich miłość utrzymywana była w tajemnicy, nie tyle ze względu na męża, który niedługo po narodzinach Constanzy umarł (1501), ale samego kardynała, który w odróżnieniu od Aleksandra VI nie lubił epatować swym życiem erotycznym. W następnych latach przyszli na świat kolejni potomkowie kardynała. Silvia nie wyszła za mąż – żyła samotnie w otoczeniu swych siedmiorga dzieci w Rzymie, to znowu we Frascati. Kardynał odwiedzał swą kochankę, ale unikał pokazywania się w jej towarzystwie. Dzieci – wielka duma kardynała (Constanza, Pier Luigi, Paolo, Ranuccio) – dorastały pod bacznym okiem ojca, który zapewne już wtedy planował ich wspaniałą przyszłość.

W 1519 roku kardynał postanowił odmienić swoje życie. Przyjął święcenia kapłańskie i zapragnął żyć w celibacie, a przynajmniej zrezygnował z dalszego płodzenia potomstwa. Spotykał się z Silvią jedynie potajemnie, zapewne także po to, aby opłakiwać śmierć ich wspólnych synów (Ranuccia i Paola). Myśląc o swojej karierze, musiał baczyć na reputację, oczekiwał bowiem papieskiego wyniesienia, choć kolejne elekcje nie były dla niego korzystne. Kardynałowi Farnese przyszło czekać jeszcze wiele lat, zanim w 1534 roku biały dym unoszący się z komina kaplicy Sykstyńskiej obwieścił jego zwycięstwo. W tym momencie nowo wybrany papież o imieniu Paweł III przestał się spotykać z matką swych dzieci. Nie był już młody, a miał wiele do zrobienia, szczególnie na polu polityki rodzinnej zmierzającej do nadania rodowi Farnese odpowiedniej rangi. Silvia nie mogła być jednak niezadowolona. Jej pokora, spokój i oddanie spłacone zostały przez jej wieloletniego kochanka w formie matce najmilszej. Jej syn z pierwszego małżeństwa, Tiberio, otrzymał kardynalską purpurę, sięgnęli po nią – również w nadzwyczaj młodym wieku – jej wnukowie: czternastoletni Aleksander i szesnastoletni Guido Ascanio. Constanza, nazywana papessą, matka w sumie dziesięciorga dzieci, brylowała na rzymskich salonach, a Pier Luigi został księciem Castro. Kardynał Tiberio kupił dla matki (za pieniądze papieskie) dom w Rzymie i przyjmował ją w swej willi w Bolsenie, a wnuk, kardynał Aleksander Farnese, zaprosił ją nawet na bal maskowy, odbywający się w jego pałacu (Palazzo della Cancelleria). Ród Farnese doszedł do majątku i tytułów, a nepotyzm papieża nie miał sobie równych w historii. Paweł III otaczał się wyłącznie swoją rodziną, głównie aktywnymi, rzutkimi i ambitnymi wnukami, gotowymi do współpracy nad wspólnym dziełem. Jedynym powodem do zmartwień było zachowanie najstarszego syna, dopuszczającego się czynów uznawanych za skandaliczne, czyli tzw. sodomii.    

Silvia jeszcze długo miała cieszyć się sukcesem swych dzieci, a później wnuków. Dzięki ich awansom odzyskała pozycję w mieście, choć nigdy nie afiszowała się związkiem z papieżem. Umarła w podeszłym wieku, przeżywszy swego kochanka i wiele spośród swoich dzieci, a pochowana została w kościele Santa Maria ad Martyres w Panteonie, w rodzinnym grobie Ruffinich.

Jak łatwo przewidzieć, nie mamy żadnych oficjalnych portretów matki znakomitego rodu Farnese. Możemy jedynie spekulować, że jej wizerunki widnieją pośród dekoracji budowli związanych z przedstawicielami rodu w Rzymie (zamek Sant’Angelo, Palazzo Rondanini) czy w Bolsenie (willa kardynała Tiberia Crispo).


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      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '18' and `lang` = 'pl'350μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 18
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '18' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 18
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')420μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '19' and `lang` = 'pl'380μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 19
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '19' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')440μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 19
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')400μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '20' and `lang` = 'pl'480μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 20
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '20' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')470μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 20
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')460μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '21' and `lang` = 'pl'340μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 21
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '21' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')330μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 21
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')420μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '22' and `lang` = 'pl'270μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 22
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '22' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')270μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 22
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')310μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '23' and `lang` = 'pl'300μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 23
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '23' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')500μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 23
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')350μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '24' and `lang` = 'pl'400μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 24
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '24' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')510μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 24
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')350μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '25' and `lang` = 'pl'350μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 25
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '25' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')340μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 25
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')350μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '26' and `lang` = 'pl'360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 26
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '26' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')630μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 26
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')550μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '27' and `lang` = 'pl'360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 27
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '27' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')440μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 27
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')470μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '28' and `lang` = 'pl'340μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 28
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '28' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 28
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')320μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '29' and `lang` = 'pl'510μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 29
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '29' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')380μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 29
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `settings`350μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      • select * from `articles` where `id` = '373' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null570μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 373
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles')580μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '2' and `entity_id` = '373' and `lang` = 'pl'320μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 2
        • 1. 373
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '3' and `entity_id` = '373' and `lang` = 'pl'460μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 3
        • 1. 373
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '6' and `entity_id` = '373' and `lang` = 'pl'360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 6
        • 1. 373
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `urls` where `table` = 'articles' and `entity_id` = '373'360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        • 1. 373
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles` where `articles`.`id` = '373' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1330μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 373
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      • select `articles_categories`.*, `articles_categories_join`.`article_id` as `pivot_article_id`, `articles_categories_join`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id` from `articles_categories` inner join `articles_categories_join` on `articles_categories`.`id` = `articles_categories_join`.`category_id` where `articles_categories_join`.`article_id` = '373'600μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 373
      • select * from `articles_categories` where `articles_categories`.`id` = '15' limit 1400μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 15
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      • select * from `attributes` where `key` in ('name') and (`table` = 'articles_categories')400μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. name
        • 1. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '15' and `lang` = 'pl'530μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 15
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where `articles_categories`.`id` = '1' limit 1390μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      • select * from `articles_photos` where `article_id` = '373'450μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 373
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')480μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '5617' and `lang` = 'pl'490μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 5617
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')410μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '5618' and `lang` = 'pl'340μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 5618
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')440μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '5619' and `lang` = 'pl'610μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 5619
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')500μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '5620' and `lang` = 'pl'330μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 5620
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')480μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '5621' and `lang` = 'pl'430μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 5621
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_join` where `article_id` = '373'340μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 373
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles` where `id` = '3' and `status` = 'ACTIVE' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null620μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 3
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles')350μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '2' and `entity_id` = '3' and `lang` = 'pl'340μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 2
        • 1. 3
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '3' and `entity_id` = '3' and `lang` = 'pl'690μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 3
        • 1. 3
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '6' and `entity_id` = '3' and `lang` = 'pl'500μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 6
        • 1. 3
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `urls` where `table` = 'articles' and `entity_id` = '3'440μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        • 1. 3
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles` where `articles`.`id` = '3' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1390μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 3
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      • select `articles_categories`.*, `articles_categories_join`.`article_id` as `pivot_article_id`, `articles_categories_join`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id` from `articles_categories` inner join `articles_categories_join` on `articles_categories`.`id` = `articles_categories_join`.`category_id` where `articles_categories_join`.`article_id` = '3'510μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 3
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')520μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '12' and `lang` = 'pl'360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 12
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles` where `id` = '218' and `status` = 'ACTIVE' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null370μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 218
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles')420μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '2' and `entity_id` = '218' and `lang` = 'pl'590μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 2
        • 1. 218
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '3' and `entity_id` = '218' and `lang` = 'pl'670μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 3
        • 1. 218
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '6' and `entity_id` = '218' and `lang` = 'pl'760μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 6
        • 1. 218
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `urls` where `table` = 'articles' and `entity_id` = '218'510μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        • 1. 218
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles` where `articles`.`id` = '218' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1350μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 218
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      • select `articles_categories`.*, `articles_categories_join`.`article_id` as `pivot_article_id`, `articles_categories_join`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id` from `articles_categories` inner join `articles_categories_join` on `articles_categories`.`id` = `articles_categories_join`.`category_id` where `articles_categories_join`.`article_id` = '218'480μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 218
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')400μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '12' and `lang` = 'pl'370μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 12
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles` where `id` = '267' and `status` = 'ACTIVE' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null440μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 267
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles')500μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '2' and `entity_id` = '267' and `lang` = 'pl'340μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 2
        • 1. 267
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '3' and `entity_id` = '267' and `lang` = 'pl'850μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 3
        • 1. 267
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '6' and `entity_id` = '267' and `lang` = 'pl'600μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 6
        • 1. 267
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `urls` where `table` = 'articles' and `entity_id` = '267'340μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        • 1. 267
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles` where `articles`.`id` = '267' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1400μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 267
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      • select `articles_categories`.*, `articles_categories_join`.`article_id` as `pivot_article_id`, `articles_categories_join`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id` from `articles_categories` inner join `articles_categories_join` on `articles_categories`.`id` = `articles_categories_join`.`category_id` where `articles_categories_join`.`article_id` = '267'420μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 267
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')380μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '18' and `lang` = 'pl'420μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 18
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles` where `id` = '288' and `status` = 'ACTIVE' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null530μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 288
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles')350μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        Hints
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Hints
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Hints
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
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        Hints
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Hints
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles')350μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Hints
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        Metadata
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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